Fabrication of affordable pulse duplication system for the in-vitro cardiovascular experiments based on gear pump and orifice flowmeter

More than 18 millions of people are still suffering from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) globally. Although various hemodynamics features are known to be related to the development of the CVDs, scrutinizing all hemodynamic features in suffering patients is not technically feasible yet. Instead, in-vitro replications of physiological and pathological blood flows have been preferred to investigate the changes in hemodynamics. In this study, we manufactured affordable pulse duplication system for the in-vitro cardiovascular experiments. The instrument consists of gear pump, servo-motor, servo-driver, data acquisition modulus, reservoir and orifice, which costs less than 7000 $. The two pressure sensors are equipped on the orifice to measure the pulsatile flow rate based on the pressure drop. The flow rate is given to feedback system to exactly duplicate the desired flow waveform. The developed system was tested to replicate various aortic blood flow waveforms with 60 to 120 beat per minute, and the results showed that the pulse duplication system replicates the blood flow waveforms with an error of less than 0.4±0.4 L/min. The duplicated waveform was stable and changed less than 5 % after less than 40 feedback iterations.

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