Hanging nodes in the unifying theory of a posteriori finite element error control

A unified a posteriori error analysis has been developed in [18,21–23] to analyze the finite element error a posteriori under a universal roof. This paper contributes to the finite element meshes with hanging nodes which are required for local mesh-refining. The twodimensional 1−irregular triangulations into triangles and parallelograms and their combinations are considered with conforming and nonconforming finite element methods named after or by Courant, Q1, Crouzeix-Raviart, Han, Rannacher-Turek, and others for the � � � � �

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