Biochemical signal transduction of mechanical strain in osteoblast-like cells.

The responses to mechanical loading of two types of osteoblast-like cells and skin fibroblasts were investigated using two new devices for applying defined and homogeneous strains to cells. The results indicate that only periostal (bone surface) osteoblasts are sensitive to strains within the physiological range and that a specific strain mechanism is responsible. Osteoblasts derived from the haversian system and skin fibroblasts do not respond except at higher, unphysiological strains. The mechanism is located in the cytoskeleton and activates the membrane phospholipase C within milliseconds and may react to distension of a strain sensitive protein. Activation of phospholipase C can account for only some of the observed responses of bone to mechanical loading such as stimulation of cell division, increase in collagen and collagenase production. Application of over 10,000 mu strains results in a de-differentiation of the osteoblasts and a change in cell morphology to become fibroblast-like.

[1]  S. Doty,et al.  Evidence for More Than One Type of Bone Forming Cell , 1988 .

[2]  J. Ryaby,et al.  Low Energy Time Varying Electromagnetic Field Interactions with Cellular Control Mechanisms , 1987 .

[3]  G. Rodan,et al.  Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP: mediators of the mechanical effects on bone remodeling. , 1975, Science.

[4]  S. Kumar,et al.  A simplified in situ solubilization procedure for the determination of DNA and cell number in tissue cultured mammalian cells. , 1985, Analytical Biochemistry.

[5]  M. Berridge.  Rapid accumulation of inositol trisphosphate reveals that agonists hydrolyse polyphosphoinositides instead of phosphatidylinositol. , 1983, The Biochemical journal.

[6]  L E Lanyon,et al.  Direct transformation from quiescence to bone formation in the adult periosteum following a single brief period of bone loading , 1988, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[7]  R. Sundler,et al.  Differential activation of phosphatidylinositol deacylation and a pathway via diphosphoinositide in macrophages responding to zymosan and ionophore A23187. , 1984, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[8]  L. Lanyon,et al.  Regulation of bone formation by applied dynamic loads. , 1984, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[9]  L E Lanyon,et al.  The relationship of functional stress and strain to the processes of bone remodelling. An experimental study on the sheep radius. , 1979, Journal of biomechanics.

[10]  T. Rink,et al.  Single stretch-activated ion channels in vascular endothelial cells as mechanotransducers? , 1987, Nature.

[11]  F Sachs,et al.  Stretch‐activated single ion channel currents in tissue‐cultured embryonic chick skeletal muscle. , 1984, The Journal of physiology.

[12]  A. Goodship,et al.  Mechanically adaptive bone remodelling. , 1982, Journal of biomechanics.

[13]  I Binderman,et al.  Bone remodelling induced by physical stress is prostaglandin E2 mediated. , 1980, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[14]  M. Stephenson,et al.  Stimulation of procollagenase synthesis parallels increases in cellular procollagenase mRNA in human articular chondrocytes exposed to recombinant interleukin 1 beta or phorbol ester. , 1987, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[15]  O. H. Lowry,et al.  The quantitative histochemistry of brain. II. Enzyme measurements. , 1954, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[16]  B. Sykes,et al.  The estimation of two collagens from human dermis by interrupted gel electrophoresis. , 1976, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.

[17]  Roger Y. Tsien,et al.  Changes of free calcium levels with stages of the cell division cycle , 1985, Nature.

[18]  B. Franza,et al.  Fos and jun: The AP-1 connection , 1988, Cell.

[19]  A. Grodzinsky,et al.  Frequency and Amplitude Dependence of Electric Field Interactions: Electrokinetics and Biosynthesis , 1987 .

[20]  C. Londos,et al.  A tandem chromatographic column method for assaying cAMP-dependent protein kinase and protein kinase C with synthetic peptide substrates. , 1988, Analytical biochemistry.

[21]  R. J. Pawluk,et al.  Effects of Electric Currents on Bone In Vivo , 1964, Nature.

[22]  S. Muallem,et al.  Relationship of cAMP and calcium messenger systems in prostaglandin-stimulated UMR-106 cells. , 1988, The Journal of biological chemistry.

[23]  R. Diegelmann,et al.  Use of a mixture of proteinase-free collagenases for the specific assay of radioactive collagen in the presence of other proteins. , 1971, Biochemistry.

[24]  M. M. Bradford.  A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. , 1976, Analytical biochemistry.

[25]  W. Anderson,et al.  Altered subcellular distribution of protein kinase C (a phorbol ester receptor). Possible role in tumor promotion and the regulation of cell growth: relationship to changes in adenylate cyclase activity. , 1985, Advances in cyclic nucleotide and protein phosphorylation research.

[26]  H Stein,et al.  Immunoenzymatic labeling of monoclonal antibodies using immune complexes of alkaline phosphatase and monoclonal anti-alkaline phosphatase (APAAP complexes). , 1984, The journal of histochemistry and cytochemistry : official journal of the Histochemistry Society.

[27]  R. McCarl,et al.  A high-performance liquid chromatographic method to measure 32P incorporation into phosphorylated metabolites in cultured cells. , 1982, Analytical biochemistry.

[28]  A. Banes,et al.  Osteoblasts increase their rate of division and align in response to cyclic, mechanical tension in vitro. , 1988, Bone and mineral.

[29]  Z. Werb,et al.  Evidence that species specificity and rate of collagen degradation are properties of collagen, not collagenase. , 1977, Biochimica et biophysica acta.