The biophysics of Bergmann's rule: a comparison of the effects of pelage and body size variation on metabolic rate

Should an animal extending its range into a cooler climate rely most on pelage or on body size change to minimize its mass-specific metabolic rate? The various examples of animals following Bergman...

[1]  K. G. Gebremedhin,et al.  Predictions and Measurements of Heat Production and Food and Water Requirements of Holstein Calves in Different Environments , 1981 .

[2]  N. K. Jacobsen.  Differences of thermal properties of white-tailed deer pelage between seasons and body regions , 1980 .

[3]  D. Wasserman,et al.  Variation in body size, hair length, and hair density in the deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus along an altitudinal gradient , 1979 .

[4]  K. Blaxter,et al.  Environmental temperature and the energy metabolism and heat emission of steers , 1961, The Journal of Agricultural Science.

[5]  K. Blaxter,et al.  The effect of natural outdoor environments on the energy requirements of sheep. , 1966, Research in Veterinary Science.

[6]  H. Nix,et al.  Climatological correlates for body size of five species of Australian mammals , 1986 .

[7]  W. Calder.  Size, Function, and Life History , 1988 .

[8]  L. Rosenblum,et al.  Allometry of primate hair density and the evolution of human hairlessness. , 1981, American journal of physical anthropology.

[9]  W. E. Stewart,et al.  Prediction of forced ventilation in animal fur from a measured pressure distribution , 1994, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences.

[10]  Prediction of forced ventilation in animal fur under ideal pressure distribution , 1993 .

[11]  W. Porter,et al.  Heat loss from deer mice (Peromyscus): evaluation of seasonal limits to thermoregulation. , 1986, The Journal of experimental biology.

[12]  P. S. Reynolds.  Effects of Body Size and Fur on Heat Loss of Collared Lemmings, Dicrostonyx groenlandicus , 1993 .

[13]  W. Searcy,et al.  Optimum body sizes at different ambient temperatures: an energetics explanation of Bergmann's Rule. , 1980, Journal of theoretical biology.

[14]  Valerius Geist,et al.  Bergmann's rule is invalid , 1987 .

[15]  W. Swinbank.  Long‐wave radiation from clear skies , 1963 .

[16]  S. Albon,et al.  Geographic clines in body weight of Norwegian red deer: a novel explanation of Bergmann's rule? , 1986 .

[17]  I. M. Cowan,et al.  Pelage and molt in the black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus (Rafinesque). , 1972, Canadian journal of zoology.

[18]  E. Mayr.  Animal Species and Evolution , 1964 .

[19]  P. F. Scholander,et al.  Body insulation of some arctic and tropical mammals and birds. , 1950, The Biological bulletin.

[20]  Carleton Ray.  The application of Bergmann's and Allen's rules to the poikilotherms , 1960 .

[21]  V. Geist.  Bergmann's rule is invalid: a reply to J. D. Paterson , 1990 .

[22]  E. Murphy.  BERGMANN'S RULE, SEASONALITY, AND GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN BODY SIZE OF HOUSE SPARROWS , 1985, Evolution; international journal of organic evolution.

[23]  D. M. Gates,et al.  THERMODYNAMIC EQUILIBRIA OF ANIMALS WITH ENVIRONMENT , 1969 .

[24]  H. H. Collins.  Studies of the pelage phases and of the nature of color variations in mice of the genus Peromyscus , 1923 .

[25]  M. Pinar Mengüç,et al.  Thermal Radiation Heat Transfer , 2020 .

[26]  W. E. Stewart,et al.  Endotherm Energetics: from a Scalable Individual-based Model to Ecological Applications , 1994 .

[27]  M. Rosenzweig.  The Strategy of Body Size in Mammalian Carnivores , 1968 .