In this issue: Graphical abstract © 2022 EAACI and John Wiley and Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd. IMPAIRED SKIN BARRIER AND ALLERGIC SENSITIZ ATION IN E ARLY INFANCY – P. 146 4 Sabina Wärnberg gerdin, Anine Lie, Anna Asarnoj, Magnus P. Borres, Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen, Martin Färdig, Jon R. Konradsen, Christine Monceyron Jonassen, CarolineAleksi Olsson Mägi, Eva Maria Rehbinder, Knut Rudi, Håvard Ove Skjerven, Anne Cathrine Staff, Cilla Söderhäll, Sandra G. Tedner, Marianne van Hage, Riyas Vettukattil, Björn Nordlund • At 6 months, 198/1994 infants (9.9%) had any sensitization, the majority to food. • Eczema, dry skin, and high TEWL at 3 months increased the risk of sensitization at 6 months of age. • Eczema, dry skin, and high TEWL at 3 months predicted incident sensitization at 6 months of age (n=87/830, 10.5%). Abbreviations: Adj, adjusted; kUA/L, kilounits of allergenspecific IgE per liter; OR, odds ratio; SPT, skin prick test; TEWL, transepidermal water loss THE BENEFIT OF L ATE RE ADINGS IN PATCH TESTING DEPENDS BOTH ON ALLERGEN AND PATIENT CHAR AC TERISTIC S – P. 1477 Susann Forkel, Steffen Schubert, Heinrich Dickel, Michal gina, Claudia schröderKraft, Dieter Vieluf, Richard Brans, Burkhard Kreft, Gerda Wurpts, Johannes Geier, Timo Buhl • Novel Day 7 reactions are most likely in patients over 50 years of age, in patients with negative irritant controls on Day 3, or if the patch test application time was 48 hours instead of 24 hours. • Some test series are higher associated with novel Day 7 reactions. • Inconclusive patch test results on Day 3 should trigger an additional reading on Day 7. Abbreviation: SLS, sodium lauryl sulfate 1342 | IN THIS ISSUE: GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT TR ANSCRIPTOMEBA SED IDENTIFIC ATION OF NOVEL ENDOT YPES IN ADULT ATOPIC DERMATITIS – P. 1486 Alain Lefèvreutile, Melissa saichi, Péter oláh, Marc delord, Bernhard Homey, Vassili Soumelis, MAARS consortium • We used the largest skin transcriptome cohort including 82 AD patients and 213 healthy control biopsies. • We applied a variancebased gene selection of ADspecific hypervariable genes to reveal disease heterogeneity. • These genes were used for the unsupervised clustering into 4 AD endotypes characterized by distinct biological and clinical features, revealing the duality between proand antiinflammatory mechanisms. A SSESSMENT OF BIOMARKERS IN PEDIATRIC ATOPIC DERMATITIS BY TAPE STRIPS AND SKIN BIOPSIES – P. 1499 Anna Maria Andersson, Julie Sølberg, Anders Koch, Lone Skov, Ivone Jakasa, Sanja Kezic, Jacob Pontoppidan Thyssen • Twentyfive children were examined with skin biopsies from lesional and tape strips from lesional and nonlesional skin. • Skin biopsies showed Th2 response and tape strips showed general innate response. • Tape strips were superior compared with skin biopsies in detecting biomarker differences related to AD severity, FLG mutations, and food allergy. Abbreviations: AD, atopic dermatitis; CTACK, cutaneous T cellattracting chemokine; FLGmutation, children with filaggrin gene mutation; LS, lesional skin; NL, nonlesional skin; TARC, thymus and activationregulated chemokine Abbreviations: AD, atopic dermatitis; S. aureus, Staphylococcus aureus; SCORAD, scoring atopic dermatitis | 1343 IN THIS ISSUE: GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT BUT YR ATE AND PROPIONATE RESTORE INTERLEUKIN 13COMPROMISED ESOPHAGE AL EPITHELIAL BARRIER FUNC TION – P. 1510 Mirelle T. A. Kleuskens, Maria L. Haasnoot, Bart M. Herpers, Marleen T. J. van Ampting, Albert J. Bredenoord, Johan Garssen, Frank A. Redegeld, Betty C. A. M. van Esch • The SCFAs butyrate and propionate counteracted the compromising effects of IL13 on barrier function of human esophageal epithelium cultured under ALI conditions. • The increase in barrier function induced by these SCFAs was associated with restored expression of proinflammatory mediators and esophageal epithelial barrier proteins. • An HDAC antagonist induced similar effects as butyrate and propionate, whereas GPR agonists did not. Abbreviations: ALI, airliquid interface; CAPN14, calpain14; CCL26, (CC motif) ligand 26; DSG1, desmoglein1; FLG, filaggrin; GPR, G proteincoupled receptor; HDAC, histone deacetylase; IL13, interleukin 13; SCFA, shortchain fatty acid ENRICHMENT OF INFANT FORMUL A WITH LONG CHAIN POLYUNSATUR ATED FAT T Y ACIDS AND RISK OF INFEC TION AND ALLERGY IN THE NATIONWIDE ELFE BIRTH COHORT – P. 1522 Moufidath Adjibade, Camille DavissePaturet, Jonathan Y. Bernard, Karine AdelPatient, Amandine DivaretChauveau, Sandrine Lioret, MarieAline Charles, Blandine de LauzonGuillain • Among formulafed infants at 2 months, 36% consumed DHA/ ARAenriched formula, and 11% consumed formula additionally enriched with EPA. • DHA/ARA/EPAenriched formula consumption (especially with high EPA content) was associated with a lower risk of LRTI and lower use of asthma medications up to 5.5 years. • DHA/ARA/EPAenriched formula consumption was not associated with gastrointestinal infection, wheezing, itchy rash, and food allergy. Abbreviations: ARA, arachidonic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; ELFE, birth cohort (Étude longitudinale française depuis l’enfance); EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; LCPUFA, longchain polyunsaturated fatty acids; LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection; OR, odds ratio 1344 | IN THIS ISSUE: GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT STRUC TUR AL AND ALLERGENIC PROPERTIES OF THE FAT T Y ACID BINDING PROTEIN FROM SHRIMP LITOPENAEUS VAN NAM EI – P. 1534 Marlon Múnera, Dalgys Martínez, Judith Wortmann, Josefina Zakzuk, Walter Keller, Luis Caraballo, Leonardo Puerta • The FABP from shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Lit v 13) showed 27% frequency of serum IgE reactivity in shrimp allergic subjects. • The allergenic activity of Lit v 13 was demonstrated by SPT and BAT using flow cytometry. • One Bcell epitope involved in the high IgE crossreactivity between Lit v 13 and Blo t 13 was identified. Abbreviations: 5G3 mAb, antiBlo t 3 monoclonal antibodes; BAT, basophil activation test; Blo t 13, Blomia tropicalis allergen of group 13 of house dust mite; FABP, fatty acid binding protein; Lit v 13, FABP from Litopenaeus vannamei; OD, optical density; PBS, phosphate buffer saline; SPT, skin prick test DE VELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF THE FOOD ALLERGY SE VERIT Y SCORE – P. 1545 Montserrat FernándezRivas, Ismael Gómez García, Alejandro GonzaloFernández, Manuel Fuentes Ferrer, Sabine DölleBierke, Guadalupe MarcoMartín, Barbara K. BallmerWeber, Riccardo Asero, Simona Belohlavkova, Kirsten Beyer, Frédéric de Blay, Michael Clausen, Mareen R. Datema, Ruta Dubakiene, Kate E. C. Grimshaw, Karin HoffmannSommergruber, Jonathan O’B Hourihane, Monika JedrzejczakCzechowicz, André C. Knulst, Tanya Kralimarkova, ThuyMy Le, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Todor A. Popov, Lars K. Poulsen, Ashok Purohit, Suranjith L. Seneviratne, Angela Simpson, Atanasios Sinaniotis, Mirjana Turkalji, Sonia VázquezCortés, Rosialzira N. VeraBerrios, Antonella Muraro, Margitta Worm, Graham Roberts, Ronald van Ree, Cristina FernándezPérez, Paul J. Turner, Elizabeth N. Clare Mills • FASS with ordinal (oFASS3, oFASS5) and numerical (nFASS) formats that map consistently, was developed by multidisciplinary experts’ consensus and mathematical modeling. • Following evaluation, internal and external validation, FASS is a validated and reliable method to measure severity of food allergic reactions. • oFASS3, oFASS5, and nFASS are suitable for use by different stakeholders in different settings. Abbreviations: EuroPrevall, Prevalence, Cost and Basis of Food Allergy in Europe; FASS, Food Allergy Severity Score; HCSC, Hospital Clinico San Carlos; iFAAM, European unionfunded project Integrated Approaches to Food Allergen and Allergy Risk Management; NORA, Network for Online Registration of Anaphylaxis; oFASS, ordinal FASS; oFASS3, ordinal FASS with 3 grades oFASS5, ordinal FASS with 5 grades; SAFE, European unionfunded project Plant food allergies: field to table strategies for reducing their incidence in Europe | 1345 IN THIS ISSUE: GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT ME A SUREMENT OF IGE TO HA ZELNUT ALLERGEN COMPONENTS C ANNOT REPL ACE HA ZELNUT CHALLENGE IN DUTCH ADULTS – P. 1559 Sarah A. Lyons, Paco M. J. Welsing, Mariam Hakobyan, Hannah M. Kansen, Edward F. Knol, Henny G. Otten, Ronald van Ree, André C. Knulst, ThuyMy Le • Dutch hazelnut allergic adults are usually sensitized to hazelnut extract and Cor a 1 (sensitivity 85– 89%). • Dutch hazelnut tolerant adults are usually not sensitized to Cor a 8, 9 or 14 (specificity 8495%). • Measurement of IgE to hazelnut allergen components (AUC 5056%) cannot replace hazelnut challenge for diagnosis of hazelnut allergy in adults in birchendemic regions. Abbreviations: AUC, area under the curve; DBPCFC, doubleblind placebocontrolled food challenge; HN, hazelnut PRETERM BIRTH REDUCES THE RISK OF IGE SENSITIZ ATION UP TO E ARLY ADULTHOOD: A POPUL ATIONBA SED BIRTH COHORT STUDY – P. 1570 Niki Mitselou, Niklas Andersson, Anna Bergström, Inger Kull, Antonios Georgelis, Marianne van Hage, Anna M. Hedman, Catarina Almqvist, Jonas F. Ludvigsson, Erik Melén • This populationbased Swedish birth cohort study of 3522 infants followed prospectively up to early adulthood assessed the impact of gestational age on IgE sensitization. • Preterm birth (<37 weeks) was inversely associated with sensitization to common food and/or inhalant allergens and to food allergens separately. • No clear association was found between postterm birth and IgE sensitization up to the age 24 years. Abbreviations: BAMSE, Barn/Children, Allergy, Milieu, Stockholm, Epidemiology; STOPPA, Swedish Twin study On Prediction and Prevention of Asthma 1346 | IN THIS ISSUE: GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT LONGITUDINAL ANALYSES OF DE VELOPMENT OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM DURING THE FIRST FIVE YE ARS OF LIFE IN REL ATION TO LIFEST YLE – P. 1583 Axel Olin, Nathalie Acevedo, Tadepally Lakshmikanth, Yang Chen, Catharina Johansson, Johan Alm, Annika Scheynius, Petter Brodin • This study identifies environmental and lifestyle related factors during pre