Self-pop-up cylindrical structure by global heating

In this study, we demonstrate a new approach to autonomous folding for the body of a 3D robot from a 2D sheet using heat. We approach this challenge by folding a 0.27 mm sheet-like material into a structure. We utilize the thermal deformation of a contractive sheet sandwiched by rigid structural layers. During this “baking” process, the heat applied on the entire sheet induces contraction of the contracting layer and, thus, forms an instructed bend in the sheet. To attain the targeted folding angles, the V-fold Spans method is used. The targeted angle θout can be kinematically encoded into crease geometry. The realization of this angle in the folded structure can be approximately controlled by a contraction angle θin. The process is non-reversible, is reliable, and it is relatively fast. Our method can be applied simultaneously to all the folds in multi-creased origami structures. We demonstrate the use of this method to create a light-weight mobile robot.