The early history of arthroplasty in the United States.

Arthroplasty is defined in the broadest sense as a reconstructive procedure that alters the structure or function of a joint. The first recorded procedures done in the United States in the early nineteenth century and the introduction of modern total joint replacement in the 1970s will be discussed. Although major surgical procedures occasionally were performed in the early 1800s, it was not until the introduction of general anesthesia and antiseptic techniques during the latter half of the nineteenth century that the field of surgery could be developed. Procedures involving the major joints of the upper and lower extremities are described. These procedures include resection and interposition arthroplasties, joint debridement, procedures done to correct complications of hip fractures and developmental dysplasia of the hip, cup arthroplasties, endoprosthetic replacement, hinge arthroplasties, resurfacing procedures, and early total joint replacement.