Stray light-induced multifocal electroretinograms.

PURPOSE To evaluate the characteristics of stray light-induced response in multifocal ERG (mfERG) elicited by the stimulus falling on the disc. METHODS A patient with an enlarged optic disc (4 x 4 disc diameters of disc of normal fellow eye) and four normal volunteers served as subjects. The mfERGs elicited by different stimulus intensities (0.67-4.67 cd-sec/m(2)) were recorded from the patient, and the mfERGs obtained with stimuli on the enlarged optic disc. For comparison, full-field pseudorandom ERGs (ffprERGs) were also recorded in all subjects. The first-order kernels (K1) and the second-order kernels (K2.1) were analyzed. RESULTS A small and delayed K1 was recorded on the enlarged disc, but K2.1 was flat on the disc at all intensities. The implicit time of K1 at lower intensities was longer than at higher intensities. ffprERGs at very low intensities in the patient and normal subjects were similar to the mfERG on the disc (delayed K1 associated with flat K2.1). CONCLUSIONS The responses elicited by stimulating the disc were delayed in K1 and flat in K2.1. Because similar ffprERGs were observed at very low intensities, it is likely that an optic disc with high reflectance scattered the stimulus light to create a weak full-field stimulus. Thus, care must be taken when focal lesions are investigated with mfERGs.

[1]  L. Riggs,et al.  The effect of stimulus area and intensity upon the human retinal response. , 1951, Journal of experimental psychology.

[2]  G. W. Marle,et al.  Electrophysiological Equipment for Total and Local Retinal Stimulation , 1973 .

[3]  G. Westheimer,et al.  The spatial properties of the human electroretinogram. , 1965, The Journal of physiology.

[4]  W Seiple,et al.  A comparison of the components of the multifocal and full-field ERGs , 1997, Visual Neuroscience.

[5]  M. Alpern,et al.  The electroretinogram evoked by the excitation of human foveal cones , 1967, The Journal of physiology.

[6]  Glenn A. Fry,et al.  THE RELATION OF STRAY LIGHT IN THE EYE TO THE RETINAL ACTION POTENTIAL , 1935 .

[7]  M. Takagi,et al.  Multifocal electroretinograms in patients with branch retinal artery occlusion. , 2001, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[8]  W Seiple,et al.  Multifocal rod electroretinograms. , 1998, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[9]  Spatial differences in the human ERG. , 1962, Investigative ophthalmology.

[10]  Yoshiaki Shimada.  [The concept of induced components in multifocal electroretinograms]. , 2002, Nippon Ganka Gakkai zasshi.

[11]  P. Gouras,et al.  Rod responses in retinitis pigmentosa, dominantly inherited. , 1968, Archives of ophthalmology.

[12]  Erich Sutter,et al.  The interpretation of multifocal binary kernels , 2004, Documenta Ophthalmologica.

[13]  M. Takagi,et al.  [Multifocal electroretinograms in patients with branch retinal artery occlusion]. , 1999, Nippon Ganka Gakkai zasshi.

[14]  R. M. Boynton,et al.  Stray light and the human electroretinogram. , 1953, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[15]  S. Jacobson,et al.  Foveal cone electroretinograms in retinitis pigmentosa and juvenile maular degeneration. , 1979, American journal of ophthalmology.

[16]  W. R. Biersdorf,et al.  Local electroretinogram in macular degeneration. , 1969, American journal of ophthalmology.

[17]  K. Kawasaki,et al.  The human electroretinogram and occipital potential in response to focal illumination of the retina. , 1969, Investigative ophthalmology.

[18]  Y. Miyake.  [Studies of local macular ERG]. , 1988, Nippon Ganka Gakkai zasshi.

[19]  E. Adachi-Usami,et al.  Multifocal electroretinogram in myopia. , 1997, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[20]  Erich E. Sutter,et al.  The field topography of ERG components in man—I. The photopic luminance response , 1992, Vision Research.

[21]  J. Armington,et al.  Effect of stimulus area and intensity upon the light-adapted electroretinogram. , 1954, Journal of experimental psychology.

[22]  G. Brindley,et al.  The effect on the frog's electroretinogram of varying the amount of retina illuminated , 1956, The Journal of physiology.

[23]  T. Hirose,et al.  Simultaneous recording of electroretinogram and visual evoked response. Focal stimulation under direct observation. , 1977, Archives of ophthalmology.

[24]  M. Kondo,et al.  Clinical evaluation of multifocal electroretinogram. , 1995, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[25]  Y. Miyake.  Subjective Scotometry and Recording of Local Electroretinogram and Visual Evoked Response--System with Television Monitor of the Fundus , 1981 .

[26]  V. Greenstein,et al.  An attempt to detect glaucomatous damage to the inner retina with the multifocal ERG. , 2000, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[27]  C. Mclaughlin,et al.  Effects of HCO3- on cell composition of rabbit ciliary epithelium: a new model for aqueous humor secretion. , 1998, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[28]  Donald C Hood,et al.  Assessing retinal function with the multifocal technique , 2000, Progress in Retinal and Eye Research.

[29]  G. Fish,et al.  Focal cone electroretinograms: Aging and macular disease , 1988, Documenta Ophthalmologica.

[30]  M. Kondo,et al.  Multifocal ERG findings in complete type congenital stationary night blindness. , 2001, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[31]  M A Bearse,et al.  Mapping of retinal function in diabetic retinopathy using the multifocal electroretinogram. , 1997, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[32]  G. Arden,et al.  Foveal electroretinogram as a clinical test. , 1966, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[33]  Donald C. Hood,et al.  Guidelines for basic multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) , 2003, Documenta Ophthalmologica.

[34]  R. A. Pagon,et al.  Ocular coloboma. , 1981, Survey of ophthalmology.

[35]  Y. Miyake,et al.  Oscillatory potentials in electroretinograms of the human macular region. , 1988, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[36]  M A Bearse,et al.  Assessment of early retinal changes in diabetes using a new multifocal ERG protocol. , 2001, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[37]  J. Armington,et al.  Summation of retinal potentials. , 1961, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[38]  M. Kondo,et al.  Effect of glutamate analogues and inhibitory neurotransmitters on the electroretinograms elicited by random sequence stimuli in rabbits. , 1998, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.