Multi-Level Evaluation of Cooperative Research Centers

Two emergent conceptual models for fostering the development of innovative technology through applied science at Cooperative Research Centers (CRCs) – the Triple Helix and the science of team science – have proved highly productive in stimulating research into how the innovation process works. Although the two arenas for fostering innovation have much in common, there has been relatively little synergy, or even interaction, between the researchers who study them. In this paper the authors discuss a programme of research that has attempted to blend the two, by shedding light on team processes within Triple Helix CRCs. They report findings from CRCs in relation to the comparative characteristics of single-scientist and multi-scientist, team-based partnerships; collaborative processes among CRC scientists, sometimes involving ‘serial’ collaboration; and the role of spatial factors in team-based processes. The paper also explores the possibilities for exploiting the synergies between Triple Helix and science of team science for public policy, innovative practices and future research.