The Influence of Users' Personality on the Perception of Intelligent Virtual Agents' Personality and the Trust Within a Collaborative Context

As Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVAs) have been widely used for applications that require human interaction and collaboration, modeling an IVA that can exhibit personalities is becoming increasingly important. A large body of research has studied variant verbal and nonverbal aspects that are used to deduce an IVA's personality; however, research falls short in showing whether humans' personality influences their perception of the IVA's personality. This paper presents an empirical study that investigated whether human users can perceive the intended personality of an IVA through verbal and/or non-verbal communication, on one hand, and the influence of the user's own personality on their perception, on the other hand. Furthermore, we investigated whether the perceived personality had an impact on the human's level of trust in the IVA teammate. The results showed that similarity in personalities between humans and IVAs tended to significantly influence the humans' correct perception of the IVA's personality and that different perceived personalities influenced the human's level of trust.

[1]  Ran Zhao,et al.  Towards a Dyadic Computational Model of Rapport Management for Human-Virtual Agent Interaction , 2014, IVA.

[2]  Francisco J. Perales López,et al.  Influence of head orientation in perception of personality traits in virtual agents , 2011, AAMAS.

[3]  Julita Vassileva,et al.  Trust and reputation model in peer-to-peer networks , 2003, Proceedings Third International Conference on Peer-to-Peer Computing (P2P2003).

[4]  K. Scherer.  Personality inference from voice quality: The loud voice of extroversion. , 1978 .

[5]  Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann,et al.  Intelligent virtual humans with autonomy and personality: State-of-the-art , 2007, Intell. Decis. Technol..

[6]  John P. Lewis,et al.  Perceiving Visual Emotions with Speech , 2006, IVA.

[7]  Nicole C. Krämer,et al.  How Our Personality Shapes Our Interactions with Virtual Characters - Implications for Research and Development , 2010, IVA.

[8]  Michael Neff,et al.  Don't Scratch! Self-adaptors Reflect Emotional Stability , 2011, IVA.

[9]  Clifford Nass,et al.  Consistency of personality in interactive characters: verbal cues, non-verbal cues, and user characteristics , 2000, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[10]  Todd A. Mooradian,et al.  Who Trusts? Personality, Trust and Knowledge Sharing , 2006 .

[11]  R. McCrae,et al.  An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications. , 1992, Journal of personality.

[12]  Etienne de Sevin,et al.  Influence of Personality Traits on Backchannel Selection , 2010, IVA.

[13]  John A. Johnson,et al.  The international personality item pool and the future of public-domain personality measures ☆ , 2006 .

[14]  Angélica de Antonio Jiménez,et al.  Collaborative Interaction Analysis in Virtual Environments Based on Verbal and Nonverbal Interaction , 2010, 2010 Ninth Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence.

[15]  Florian Focone,et al.  Influence of Agent Behaviour on Human-Virtual Agent Body Interaction , 2014, SPECOM.

[16]  Yasser A. El-Kassrawy.  The Impact of Trust on Virtual Team Effectiveness , 2014, Int. J. Online Mark..

[17]  Benjamin Lok,et al.  Virtual Human Personality Masks: A Human Computation Approach to Modeling Verbal Personalities in Virtual Humans , 2012, IVA.

[18]  Pierre Dillenbourg,et al.  Grounding in Multi-modal Task-Oriented Collaboration , 1999 .

[19]  Robert Michael Young,et al.  Toward a Computational Model for the Automatic Generation of Character Personality in Interactive Narrative , 2012, IVA.

[20]  Ilze Zigurs,et al.  Trust in virtual teams: solved or still a mystery? , 2009, DATB.

[21]  B. J. Fogg,et al.  Can computer personalities be human personalities? , 1995, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[22]  Deborah Richards,et al.  The impact of communication on a human-agent shared mental model and team performance , 2014, AAMAS.

[23]  B. J. Fogg,et al.  Can computers be teammates? , 1996, Int. J. Hum. Comput. Stud..

[24]  Flávio S. Corrêa da Silva,et al.  A Computer Architecture for Intelligent Agents with Personality and Emotions , 2012, Human-Computer Interaction: The Agency Perspective.

[25]  Dirk Heylen,et al.  First Impressions: Users' Judgments of Virtual Agents' Personality and Interpersonal Attitude in First Encounters , 2012, IVA.

[26]  Ning Wang,et al.  Agreeable People Like Agreeable Virtual Humans , 2008, IVA.

[27]  Ana Paiva,et al.  Creating Individual Agents through Personality Traits , 2010, IVA.

[28]  R.A. Aguilar,et al.  Searching Pancho's Soul: An Intelligent Virtual Agent for Human Teams , 2007, Electronics, Robotics and Automotive Mechanics Conference (CERMA 2007).

[29]  Themis Panayiotopoulos,et al.  SimHuman: A Platform for Real-Time Virtual Agents with Planning Capabilities , 2001, IVA.

[30]  Elisabetta Bevacqua,et al.  Effects of Coupling in Human-Virtual Agent Body Interaction , 2014, IVA.

[31]  J. H. Davis,et al.  An Integrative Model Of Organizational Trust , 1995 .

[32]  David R. Traum,et al.  Varying Personality in Spoken Dialogue with a Virtual Human , 2009, IVA.

[33]  S. Srivastava,et al.  The Big Five Trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives. , 1999 .

[34]  Michael Neff,et al.  Evaluating the Effect of Gesture and Language on Personality Perception in Conversational Agents , 2010, IVA.

[35]  Sasanka Prabhala,et al.  Designing Computer Agents with Personality to Improve Human-Machine Collaboration in Complex Systems , 2007 .

[36]  Jonathan P. Rowe,et al.  Predicting User Psychological Characteristics from Interactions with Empathetic Virtual Agents , 2009, IVA.

[37]  G. Stewart,et al.  Composition, process, and performance in self-managed groups: the role of personality. , 1997, The Journal of applied psychology.

[38]  Karel van den Bosch,et al.  Characters with Personality! , 2012, IVA.

[39]  S. Gosling,et al.  A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains , 2003 .

[40]  A. Tellegen,et al.  PERSONALITY PROCESSES AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES An Alternative "Description of Personality": The Big-Five Factor Structure , 2022 .

[41]  R. Mann.  A review of the relationships between personality and performance in small groups. , 1959 .

[42]  Antonio Origlia,et al.  From Nonverbal Cues to Perception: Personality and Social Attractiveness , 2011, COST 2102 Training School.