Epistasis analysis reveals associations between gene variants and bipolar disorder

In complex phenotypes (e.g., psychiatric diseases) single locus tests, commonly performed with Genome-Wide Association Studies, have proven to be limited in discovering strong gene associations. A growing body of evidence suggests that epistatic non-linear effects may be responsible for complex phenotypes arising from the interaction of different biological factors. A major issue in epistasis analysis is the computational burden due to the huge number of statistical tests to be performed when considering all the potential genotype combinations. In this work, we developed a computational efficient pipeline to investigate the presence of epistasis at a genome-wide scale in bipolar disorder, which is a typical example of complex phenotype with a relevant but unexplained genetic background. By running our pipeline we were able to identify 13 epistasis interactions between variants located in genes potentially involved in biological processes associated with the analyzed phenotype.