Review of maglev train technologies

This paper reviews and summarizes Maglev train technologies from an electrical engineering point of view and assimilates the results of works over the past three decades carried out all over the world. Many researches and developments concerning the Maglev train have been accomplished; however, they are not always easy to understand. The purpose of this paper is to make the Maglev train technologies clear at a glance. Included are general understandings, technologies, and worldwide practical projects. Further research needs are also addressed.

[1]  P. E. Burke,et al.  The calculation of eddy losses in guideway conductors and structural members of high-speed vehicles , 1974 .

[2]  R G Rhodes,et al.  The Wolfson Maglev project , 1974 .

[3]  H. Gutberlet The German magnetic transportation program , 1974 .

[4]  T. Iwahana Study of superconducting magnetic suspension and guidance characteristics on loop tracks , 1975 .

[5]  J. Reitz,et al.  U.S. department of transportation program in magnetic suspension (repulsion concept) , 1975 .

[6]  J. Hogan,et al.  Comparison and optimization of lift and drag forces on vehicles levitated by eddy current repulsion for various null and normal flux magnets with one or two tracks , 1975 .

[7]  Boon-Teck Ooi Electromechanical dynamics in superconducting levitation systems , 1975 .

[8]  P. Sen,et al.  On linear synchronous motor (LSM) for high speed propulsion , 1975 .

[9]  A. Eastham,et al.  Superconducting maglev and LSM development in canada , 1975 .

[10]  Y. Kyotani,et al.  Superconducting levitated high speed ground transportation project in Japan , 1975 .

[11]  R. Thornton Magnetic levitation and propulsion, 1975 , 1975 .

[12]  S. Yamamura Magnetic levitation technology of tracked vehicles present status and prospects , 1976 .

[13]  G. Slemon,et al.  A dual linear synchronous motor for Maglev vehicles , 1977, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[14]  G. Bohn Calculation of frequency responses of electro-magnetic levitation magnets , 1977 .

[15]  H. Weh,et al.  Magnetic levitation with controlled permanentic excitation , 1977 .

[16]  E. Abel,et al.  Linear machine power requirements and system comparisons , 1978 .

[17]  Y. Kyotani,et al.  Superconducting maglev tests , 1979 .

[18]  S. Aoki,et al.  3-dimensional magnetic field calculation of the levitation magnet for HSST by the finite element method , 1980 .

[19]  D. Atherton Maglev using permanent magnets , 1980 .

[20]  K. Oshima Superconducting magnetic levitation train project in Japan , 1981, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[21]  S. Yamamura,et al.  Analysis of ride quality of repulsive type magnetically levitated vehicles , 1981 .

[22]  R. Knowles Dynamic circuit and Fourier series methods for moment calculation in electrodynamic repulsive magnetic levitation systems , 1982 .

[23]  J. Simkin,et al.  Three-dimensional finite-element modelling of a superconducting suspension system , 1983 .

[24]  G. Bohn,et al.  THE ELECTROMAGNETIC LEVITATION AND GUIDANCE TECHNOLOGY OF THE "TRANSRAPID" TEST FACILITY EMSLAND. IEEE, VERBAND DEUTSCHER ELEKTROTECHNIKER, AND ARBEITSGEMEINSCHAFT MAGNETISMUS, INTERNATIONAL MAGNETICS CONFERENCE, HAMBURG, WEST GERMANY, APRIL 9-13, 1984 , 1984 .

[25]  Toshiro Shimada,et al.  HSST-03 SYSTEM , 1984 .

[26]  P. Sinha Design of a magnetically levitated vehicle , 1984 .

[27]  D. Rogg General survey of the possible applications and development tendencies of magnetic levitation technology , 1984 .

[28]  E. Masada,et al.  Dynamics of the PM type linear synchronous motor for magnetically levitated carrier vehicle , 1987 .

[29]  K. Yoshida,et al.  Dynamics of the propulsion and levitation systems in the controlled-PM LSM maglev vehicle , 1987 .

[30]  P. C. Coles,et al.  Comparison of short primary linear machines for high speed maglev vehicles , 1987 .

[31]  Eisuke Masada,et al.  Lateral motion of a short-stator type magnetic wheel , 1987 .

[32]  T. Takahashi,et al.  Computation of eddy currents induced in a conducting sheet under moving magnets , 1988 .

[33]  Y. Kyotani,et al.  Recent progress by JNR on Maglev , 1988 .

[34]  Syed Nasar,et al.  Field tests on a MAGLEV with passive guideway linear inductor motor transportation system , 1988 .

[35]  G. W. McLean Review of recent progress in linear motors , 1988 .

[36]  W. J. Mayer,et al.  The high speed Maglev transport system TRANSRAPID , 1988 .

[37]  Eric Riches Will maglev lift off , 1988 .

[38]  A.R. Eastham,et al.  Maglev systems development status , 1988, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine.

[39]  S. Kanda,et al.  A new MAGLEV system for magnetically levitated carrier system , 1989 .

[40]  J. R. Hull,et al.  Attractive levitation for high-speed ground transport with large guideway clearance and alternating-gradient stabilization , 1989 .

[41]  R. J. Hill Teaching electrodynamic levitation theory , 1990 .

[42]  I. Takahashi,et al.  Decoupling control of thrust and attractive force a LIM using a space vector control inverter , 1990, Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[43]  H. Tsuchishima,et al.  Superconducting magnet and on-board refrigeration system on Japanese MAGLEV vehicle , 1991 .

[44]  G. E. Dawson,et al.  Induced currents and forces for the split-guideway electrodynamic levitation system , 1991 .

[45]  Yunhyun Cho,et al.  Design and analysis of electromagnetic system in magnetically levitated vehicle, KOMAG-01 , 1992, 1992. Digests of Intermag. International Magnetics Conference.

[46]  K. Yoshioka,et al.  Application of 3D Eddy Current Analysis to Magnetically Levitated Vehicles , 1992, Digest of the Fifth Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation.

[47]  Kenzo Miya,et al.  An analysis of eddy current and Lorentz force of thin plates under moving magnets , 1992 .

[48]  T. Onuki,et al.  Optimal Design of Hybrid Magnet in Maglev System with Both Permanent and Electro Magnets , 1992, Digest of the Fifth Biennial IEEE Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation.

[49]  D. M. Rote,et al.  Investigation of the stability of AC repulsive-force levitation systems for low-speed maglev , 1992 .

[50]  Naoki Maki,et al.  On-board power supply system of a magnetically levitated vehicle , 1992 .

[51]  D. M. Rote,et al.  Applications of the dynamic circuit theory to Maglev suspension systems , 1993 .

[52]  E.E. Burkhardt,et al.  Analysis of superconducting magnet (SCM)-ground coil interactions for EDS Maglev coil configurations , 1993, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[53]  N. Maki,et al.  Electromagnetic force and eddy current loss in dynamic behavior of a superconducting magnetically levitated vehicle , 1993, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[54]  M. Andriollo,et al.  General expressions of propulsion force in EDS-MAGLEY transport systems with superconducting coils , 1993, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[55]  D. Cho,et al.  Sliding mode and classical controllers in magnetic levitation systems , 1993, IEEE Control Systems.

[56]  B. Gamble,et al.  Design of a superconducting magnet system for Maglev applications , 1993, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[57]  P. K. Sinha,et al.  Fault detection in electromagnetic suspension systems with state estimation methods , 1993 .

[58]  H.T. Coffey US maglev: status and opportunities , 1993, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[59]  C. Minas,et al.  A cryogen-free superconducting magnet design for Maglev vehicle applications , 1993, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[60]  H. Nakashima The superconducting magnet for the Maglev transport system , 1994 .

[61]  J. Schwartz,et al.  Power dissipation due to vibration-induced disturbances in maglev superconducting magnets , 1994, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[62]  Yeou-Kuang Tzeng,et al.  A new electromagnetic levitation system for rapid transit and high speed transportation , 1994 .

[63]  B. Gamble,et al.  A study of two distinct coil designs for a Maglev EDS application , 1994 .

[64]  I. Busch-Vishniac,et al.  A new repulsive magnetic levitation approach using permanent magnets and air-core electromagnets , 1994 .

[65]  Yeou-Kuang Tzeng,et al.  Optimal design of the electromagnetic levitation with permanent and electro magnets , 1994 .

[66]  T. Inaguchi,et al.  A conceptual design of a superconducting magnet for MAGLEV using a Bi-based high-Tc tape , 1995, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[67]  Akihiro Ametani,et al.  A study of transient induced voltages on a Maglev train coil system , 1995 .

[68]  M. Andriollo,et al.  Minimization of the induced current effects in the shields of SC coils in EDS-MAGLEV trains , 1995, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[69]  Song-Yop Hahn,et al.  New levitation scheme with AC superconducting magnet for EDS MAGLEV system , 1996 .

[70]  G. Martinelli,et al.  Optimization of the winding configuration in EDS-MAGLEV trains , 1996 .

[71]  J. R. Powell,et al.  Maglev vehicles-raising transportation advances of the ground , 1996 .

[72]  K. Sawada Development of magnetically levitated high speed transport system in Japan , 1996 .

[73]  G. Martinelli,et al.  FEM calculation of the LSM propulsion force in EMS-MAGLEV trains , 1996 .

[74]  A. Miura,et al.  Eddy current loss reduction of superconducting magnets for MAGLEV with a multilayer superconducting sheet , 1997, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[75]  H. Watanabe,et al.  Development of a MAGLEV superconducting magnet for the Yamanashi test line in Japan: vibration characteristics and analysis for design , 1997, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[76]  A. Miura,et al.  Study on vibration phenomena of superconducting magnets for MAGLEV , 1997, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[77]  T. Sakamoto,et al.  Propulsion control of superconducting linear synchronous motor vehicle , 1997 .

[78]  K. Davey,et al.  Electrodynamic Maglev Coil Design and Analysis , 1997, 1997 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG'97).

[79]  M. Andriollo,et al.  Optimisation Of The On-board Linear Generator In EMS-MAGLEV Trains , 1997, 1997 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG'97).

[80]  H. Ohsaki,et al.  Running Characteristics Of The Magnetically Levitated Train In A Curved Track Section , 1997, 1997 IEEE International Magnetics Conference (INTERMAG'97).

[81]  G. Henneberger,et al.  Calculation of the induced currents and forces for a hybrid magnetic levitation system , 1997 .

[82]  K. Yoshida,et al.  3-D FEM field analysis in controlled-PM LSM for Maglev vehicle , 1997 .

[83]  D. M. Rote,et al.  A review of dynamic stability of repulsive-force maglev suspension systems , 1998 .

[84]  H. Fujimoto,et al.  Preliminary study of a superconducting bulk magnet for the Maglev train , 1999, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[85]  Huang Haiyu,et al.  A scheme of Maglev vehicle using high T/sub c/ bulk superconducters , 1999, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[86]  J. Fujie An advanced arrangement of the combined propulsion, levitation and guidance system of superconducting Maglev , 1999, IEEE International Magnetics Conference.

[87]  K. Davey,et al.  Analysis of an electrodynamic Maglev system , 1999 .

[88]  A. Miura,et al.  Development of a modified superconducting magnet for Maglev vehicles , 1999, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[89]  D. Ryutov,et al.  The Inductrack: a simpler approach to magnetic levitation , 2000, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[90]  H. Ohsaki,et al.  Characteristics of electromagnetic force of EMS-type maglev vehicle using bulk superconductors , 2000 .

[91]  T. Sasakawa,et al.  Reduction of magnetic field in vehicle of superconducting maglev train , 2000 .

[92]  A. Rosenblatt Riding on air in Virginia [Maglev train] , 2002 .

[93]  M. Ono,et al.  Japan's superconducting Maglev train , 2002 .

[94]  Yan Lu-guang,et al.  Progress of high-speed Maglev in China , 2002 .

[95]  M. Jufer,et al.  MAGLEV projects technology aspects and choices , 2002 .

[96]  C. Lang,et al.  Virginia Maglev System Off to Shaky Start , 2003, IEEE Spectrum.

[97]  P. Holmer Faster than a speeding bullet train , 2003 .

[98]  Jun Zheng,et al.  Guidance forces on high temperature superconducting Maglev test vehicle , 2003 .

[99]  Jiasu Wang,et al.  The man-loading high-temperature superconducting Maglev test vehicle , 2003 .

[100]  Luguang Yan Suggestion for selection of Maglev option for Beijing-Shanghai high-speed line , 2004 .

[101]  J.F. Hoburg Modeling maglev passenger compartment static magnetic fields from linear Halbach permanent-magnet arrays , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[102]  Youtong Fang,et al.  Optimal design and FEM analysis of the superconducting magnets of EMS-MAGLEV models using Bi-2223 tapes , 2004 .

[103]  J. Baba,et al.  Multipurpose design optimization of EMS-type magnetically levitated vehicle based on genetic algorithm , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity.

[104]  M. Steinbuch,et al.  Mathematical model of the 5-DOF sled dynamics of an electrodynamic maglev system with a passive sled , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

[105]  J. de Boeij,et al.  Modeling the electromechanical interactions in a null-flux electrodynamic maglev system , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.