Coupled Air Quality and Boundary-Layer Meteorology in Western U.S. Basins during Winter: Design and Rationale for a Comprehensive Study.

Wintertime episodes of high aerosol concentrations occur frequently in urban and agricultural basins and valleys worldwide. These episodes often arise following development of persistent cold-air pools (PCAPs) that limit mixing and modify chemistry. While field campaigns targeting either basin meteorology or wintertime pollution chemistry have been conducted, coupling between interconnected chemical and meteorological processes remains an insufficiently studied research area. Gaps in understanding the coupled chemical-meteorological interactions that drive high pollution events make identification of the most effective air-basin specific emission control strategies challenging. To address this, a September 2019 workshop occurred with the goal of planning a future research campaign to investigate air quality in Western U.S. basins. Approximately 120 people participated, representing 50 institutions and 5 countries. Workshop participants outlined the rationale and design for a comprehensive wintertime study that would couple atmospheric chemistry and boundary-layer and complex-terrain meteorology within western U.S. basins. Participants concluded the study should focus on two regions with contrasting aerosol chemistry: three populated valleys within Utah (Salt Lake, Utah, and Cache Valleys) and the San Joaquin Valley in California. This paper describes the scientific rationale for a campaign that will acquire chemical and meteorological datasets using airborne platforms with extensive range, coupled to surface-based measurements focusing on sampling within the near-surface boundary layer, and transport and mixing processes within this layer, with high vertical resolution at a number of representative sites. No prior wintertime basin-focused campaign has provided the breadth of observations necessary to characterize the meteorological-chemical linkages outlined here, nor to validate complex processes within coupled atmosphere-chemistry models.

[1]  F. J. Gómez-Moreno,et al.  Synoptic classification of meteorological patterns and their impact on air pollution episodes and new particle formation processes in a south European air basin , 2021 .

[2]  J. Pierce,et al.  Revisiting particle dry deposition and its role in radiative effect estimates , 2020, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[3]  Robert A. Kotchenruther Recent changes in winter PM2.5 contributions from wood smoke, motor vehicles, and other sources in the Northwest U.S. , 2020, Atmospheric environment.

[4]  J. Fuentes,et al.  Urban Snowpack ClNO2 Production and Fate: A One-Dimensional Modeling Study , 2020 .

[5]  M. Rotach,et al.  Atmospheric Pollutant Dispersion over Complex Terrain: Challenges and Needs for Improving Air Quality Measurements and Modeling , 2020, Atmosphere.

[6]  Hui Xiao,et al.  Surface Turbulent Fluxes during Persistent Cold-Air Pool Events in the Salt Lake Valley, Utah. Part II: Simulations , 2020, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology.

[7]  A. Laskin,et al.  Observation of Road Salt Aerosol Driving Inland Wintertime Atmospheric Chlorine Chemistry , 2020, ACS central science.

[8]  Bin Zhao,et al.  Persistent heavy winter nitrate pollution driven by increased photochemical oxidants in northern China. , 2020, Environmental science & technology.

[9]  A. Townsend‐Small,et al.  Methane Mitigation: Methods to Reduce Emissions, on the Path to the Paris Agreement , 2020, Reviews of Geophysics.

[10]  M. Facchini,et al.  The impact of biomass burning and aqueous-phase processing on air quality: a multi-year source apportionment study in the Po Valley, Italy , 2020 .

[11]  John C. Lin,et al.  The role of coarse aerosol particles as a sink of HNO3 in wintertime pollution events in the Salt Lake Valley , 2020, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.

[12]  A. Holtslag,et al.  On the turbulence structure of deep katabatic flows on a gentle mesoscale slope , 2020, Quarterly journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. Royal Meteorological Society.

[13]  Weijun Li,et al.  Exploring wintertime regional haze in northeast China: role of coal and biomass burning , 2020, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.

[14]  J. Thornton,et al.  Anthropogenic Control Over Wintertime Oxidation of Atmospheric Pollutants , 2019, Geophysical research letters.

[15]  E. Grimit,et al.  Identification and Characterization of Persistent Cold Pool Events from Temperature and Wind Profilers in the Columbia River Basin , 2019, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology.

[16]  John C. Lin,et al.  The TRAX Light-Rail Train Air Quality Observation Project , 2019, Urban Science.

[17]  J. Thornton,et al.  N2O5 reactive uptake kinetics and chlorine activation on authentic biomass-burning aerosol. , 2019, Environmental science. Processes & impacts.

[18]  T. Petäjä,et al.  Molecular Composition and Volatility of Nucleated Particles from α-Pinene Oxidation between -50 °C and +25 °C. , 2019, Environmental science & technology.

[19]  C. Ivey,et al.  Investigating fine particulate matter sources in Salt Lake City during persistent cold air pool events , 2019, Atmospheric Environment.

[20]  D. Or,et al.  Microscale pH variations during drying of soils and desert biocrusts affect HONO and NH3 emissions , 2019, Nature Communications.

[21]  A. Hofzumahaus,et al.  Fast photochemistry in wintertime haze: Consequences for pollution mitigation strategies. , 2019, Environmental science & technology.

[22]  J. Brouwer,et al.  An uncertainty for clean air: Air quality modeling implications of underestimating VOC emissions in urban inventories , 2019, Atmospheric Environment.

[23]  F. Yu,et al.  Revised treatment of wet scavenging processes dramatically improves GEOS-Chem 12.0.0 simulations of surface nitric acid, nitrate, and ammonium over the United States , 2019, Geoscientific Model Development.

[24]  C. Draxl,et al.  Spatial Variability of Winds and HRRR–NCEP Model Error Statistics at Three Doppler-Lidar Sites in the Wind-Energy Generation Region of the Columbia River Basin , 2019, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology.

[25]  E. Kort,et al.  Large Fugitive Methane Emissions From Urban Centers Along the U.S. East Coast , 2019, Geophysical research letters.

[26]  U. Kulshrestha,et al.  Wintertime distribution and atmospheric interactions of reactive nitrogen species along the urban transect of Delhi – NCR , 2019, Atmospheric Environment.

[27]  R. Burnett,et al.  Particulate matter air pollution and national and county life expectancy loss in the USA: A spatiotemporal analysis , 2019, PLoS medicine.

[28]  J. Thornton,et al.  Rates of Wintertime Atmospheric SO2 Oxidation based on Aircraft Observations during Clear‐Sky Conditions over the Eastern United States , 2019, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres.

[29]  J. Hoshi,et al.  Vehicular exhaust contributions to high NH3 and PM2.5 concentrations during winter in Tokyo, Japan , 2019, Atmospheric Environment.

[30]  T. Gill,et al.  ClNO2 Production from N2O5 Uptake on Saline Playa Dusts: New Insights into Potential Inland Sources of ClNO2. , 2019, Environmental science & technology.

[31]  Randal S. Martin,et al.  Wintertime spatial distribution of ammonia and its emission sources in the Great Salt Lake region , 2019, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.

[32]  T. Bertram,et al.  The Role of Clouds in the Tropospheric NOx Cycle: A New Modeling Approach for Cloud Chemistry and Its Global Implications , 2019, Geophysical Research Letters.

[33]  Shelly L. Miller,et al.  Time-Resolved Measurements of Indoor Chemical Emissions, Deposition, and Reactions in a University Art Museum. , 2019, Environmental science & technology.

[34]  P. Sheridan Synoptic‐flow interaction with valley cold‐air pools and effects on cold‐air pool persistence: Influence of valley size and atmospheric stability , 2019, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society.

[35]  J. Fuentes,et al.  HONO, Particulate Nitrite, and Snow Nitrite at a Midlatitude Urban Site during Wintertime , 2019, ACS Earth and Space Chemistry.

[36]  J. Thornton,et al.  On the contribution of nocturnal heterogeneous reactive nitrogen chemistry to particulate matter formation during wintertime pollution events in Northern Utah , 2019, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.

[37]  J. M. Reeves,et al.  Widespread Pollution From Secondary Sources of Organic Aerosols During Winter in the Northeastern United States , 2019, Geophysical Research Letters.

[38]  A. Gershunov,et al.  Climate Change Suppresses Santa Ana Winds of Southern California and Sharpens Their Seasonality , 2019, Geophysical Research Letters.

[39]  H. Kjaergaard,et al.  Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules (HOM) from Gas-Phase Autoxidation Involving Peroxy Radicals: A Key Contributor to Atmospheric Aerosol , 2019, Chemical reviews.

[40]  D. Jacob,et al.  Possible heterogeneous chemistry of hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) in northern China winter haze , 2019, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.

[41]  Dingli Yue,et al.  The significant contribution of HONO to secondary pollutants during a severe winter pollution event in southern China , 2019, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.

[42]  F. Dulac,et al.  Modeling organic aerosol concentrations and properties during winter 2014 in the northwestern Mediterranean region , 2018, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.

[43]  E. Crosman,et al.  Airborne and ground-based observations of ammonium-nitrate-dominated aerosols in a shallow boundary layer during intense winter pollution episodes in northern Utah , 2018, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.

[44]  Benjamin D. Blair,et al.  Corrections to "Ambient Nonmethane Hydrocarbon Levels Along Colorado's Northern Front Range: Acute and Chronic Health Risks". , 2018, Environmental science & technology.

[45]  Andrew R. Whitehill,et al.  An Odd Oxygen Framework for Wintertime Ammonium Nitrate Aerosol Pollution in Urban Areas: NOx and VOC Control as Mitigation Strategies , 2019, Geophysical Research Letters.

[46]  D. Blake,et al.  Constraints on Aerosol Nitrate Photolysis as a Potential Source of HONO and NO x. , 2018, Environmental science & technology.

[47]  John C. Lin,et al.  CO2 and Carbon Emissions from Cities: Linkages to Air Quality, Socioeconomic Activity, and Stakeholders in the Salt Lake City Urban Area , 2018, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society.

[48]  L. Hildebrandt Ruiz,et al.  Chlorine-initiated oxidation of n-alkanes under high-NOx conditions: insights into secondary organic aerosol composition and volatility using a FIGAERO–CIMS , 2018, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.

[49]  Qi Zhang,et al.  Organic Aerosol Particle Chemical Properties Associated With Residential Burning and Fog in Wintertime San Joaquin Valley (Fresno) and With Vehicle and Firework Emissions in Summertime South Coast Air Basin (Fontana) , 2018, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres.

[50]  L. Ahonen,et al.  Rapid growth of organic aerosol nanoparticles over a wide tropospheric temperature range , 2018, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[51]  A. Russell,et al.  Characterization of aerosol composition, aerosol acidity, and organic acid partitioning at an agriculturally intensive rural southeastern US site , 2018, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.

[52]  John C. Lin,et al.  Monitoring of greenhouse gases and pollutants across an urban area using a light-rail public transit platform , 2018, Atmospheric Environment.

[53]  J. M. Reeves,et al.  Sources and Secondary Production of Organic Aerosols in the Northeastern United States during WINTER , 2018, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres.

[54]  P. Shepson,et al.  Top‐Down Estimates of NOx and CO Emissions From Washington, D.C.‐Baltimore During the WINTER Campaign , 2018, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres.

[55]  K. Sun,et al.  Fast particulate nitrate formation via N2O5 uptake aloft in winter in Beijing , 2018, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.

[56]  J. Abatzoglou,et al.  Spatial Distribution of Wildfires Ignited under Katabatic versus Non-Katabatic Winds in Mediterranean Southern California USA , 2018, Fire.

[57]  M. Omara,et al.  Assessment of methane emissions from the U.S. oil and gas supply chain , 2018, Science.

[58]  Katherine A Smith,et al.  Influence of relative humidity on the heterogeneous oxidation of secondary organic aerosol , 2018, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.

[59]  Jianping Guo,et al.  Impacts of meteorological conditions on wintertime PM2.5 pollution in Taiyuan, North China , 2018, Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

[60]  P. Massoli,et al.  Identification of amines in wintertime ambient particulate material using high resolution aerosol mass spectrometry , 2018 .

[61]  Dylan B. A. Jones,et al.  Unexpected slowdown of US pollutant emission reduction in the past decade , 2018, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[62]  John C. Lin,et al.  The Wintertime Covariation of CO2 and Criteria Pollutants in an Urban Valley of the Western United States , 2018 .

[63]  B. Grisogono,et al.  Exchange Processes in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over Mountainous Terrain , 2018 .

[64]  Daniel Mendoza,et al.  Long-term urban carbon dioxide observations reveal spatial and temporal dynamics related to urban characteristics and growth , 2018, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[65]  E. Crosman,et al.  Four dimensional data assimilation (FDDA) impacts on WRF performance in simulating inversion layer structure and distributions of CMAQ-simulated winter ozone concentrations in Uintah Basin , 2018 .

[66]  G. Faluvegi,et al.  Quantified, Localized Health Benefits of Accelerated Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reductions , 2018, Nature Climate Change.

[67]  Brian C. McDonald,et al.  Volatile chemical products emerging as largest petrochemical source of urban organic emissions , 2018, Science.

[68]  B. Gantt,et al.  The reduction of summer sulfate and switch from summertime to wintertime PM2.5 concentration maxima in the United States. , 2018, Atmospheric environment.

[69]  A. Bertram,et al.  Highly Viscous States Affect the Browning of Atmospheric Organic Particulate Matter , 2018, ACS central science.

[70]  J. Seinfeld,et al.  Growth Kinetics and Size Distribution Dynamics of Viscous Secondary Organic Aerosol. , 2018, Environmental science & technology.

[71]  S. Conley,et al.  Agriculture is a major source of NOx pollution in California , 2018, Science Advances.

[72]  Qi Zhang,et al.  Observational assessment of the role of nocturnal residual-layer chemistry in determining daytime surface particulate nitrate concentrations. , 2017, Atmospheric chemistry and physics.

[73]  Qiao-Mei Liang,et al.  Co-benefits of greenhouse gas mitigation: a review and classification by type, mitigation sector, and geography , 2017 .

[74]  C. Colombi,et al.  Investigating the role of chemical and physical processes on organic aerosol modelling with CAMx in the Po Valley during a winter episode , 2017 .

[75]  Conor K. Gately,et al.  Large Uncertainties in Urban‐Scale Carbon Emissions , 2017 .

[76]  D. Parrish,et al.  Ozone Design Values in Southern California's Air Basins: Temporal Evolution and U.S. Background Contribution , 2017 .

[77]  Viney P. Aneja,et al.  Is nitrogen the next carbon? , 2017 .

[78]  J. Murphy,et al.  Observational constraints on particle acidity using measurements and modelling of particles and gases. , 2017, Faraday discussions.

[79]  Clay S. Bell,et al.  Variation in Methane Emission Rates from Well Pads in Four Oil and Gas Basins with Contrasting Production Volumes and Compositions. , 2017, Environmental science & technology.

[80]  Xianliang Zhou,et al.  Photolysis of Particulate Nitrate as a Source of HONO and NOx. , 2017, Environmental science & technology.

[81]  Randal S. Martin,et al.  Coupling between Chemical and Meteorological Processes under Persistent Cold-Air Pool Conditions: Evolution of Wintertime PM2.5 Pollution Events and N2O5 Observations in Utah's Salt Lake Valley. , 2017, Environmental science & technology.

[82]  M. I. Schurman,et al.  Composition and sources of winter haze in the Bakken oil and gas extraction region , 2017 .

[83]  X. Bian,et al.  Multi‐day valley cold‐air pools in the western United States as derived from NARR , 2017 .

[84]  J. Warner,et al.  Increased atmospheric ammonia over the world's major agricultural areas detected from space , 2017, Geophysical research letters.

[85]  Qi Zhang,et al.  Wintertime water‐soluble aerosol composition and particle water content in Fresno, California , 2017 .

[86]  J. Horel,et al.  Simulations of a Cold-Air Pool in Utah’s Salt Lake Valley: Sensitivity to Land Use and Snow Cover , 2017, Boundary-Layer Meteorology.

[87]  P K Hopke,et al.  Tethered balloon-born and ground-based measurements of black carbon and particulate profiles within the lower troposphere during the foggy period in Delhi, India. , 2016, The Science of the total environment.

[88]  S. Conley,et al.  Observing entrainment mixing, photochemical ozone production, and regional methane emissions by aircraft using a simple mixed-layer framework , 2016 .

[89]  Fang Zhang,et al.  Persistent sulfate formation from London Fog to Chinese haze , 2016, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[90]  F. Keutsch,et al.  Testing Atmospheric Oxidation in an Alabama Forest , 2016 .

[91]  P. Quinn,et al.  The magnitude of the snow-sourced reactive nitrogen flux to the boundary layer in the Uintah Basin, Utah, USA , 2016 .

[92]  C. Belis,et al.  Variations in the chemical composition of the submicron aerosol and in the sources of the organic fraction at a regional background site of the Po Valley (Italy) , 2016 .

[93]  Robert A. Kotchenruther Source apportionment of PM2.5 at multiple Northwest U.S. sites: Assessing regional winter wood smoke impacts from residential wood combustion , 2016 .

[94]  C. Granier,et al.  Analysis of long‐term observations of NOx and CO in megacities and application to constraining emissions inventories , 2016 .

[95]  J. Peischl,et al.  Emissions of nitrogen‐containing organic compounds from the burning of herbaceous and arboraceous biomass: Fuel composition dependence and the variability of commonly used nitrile tracers , 2016 .

[96]  J. Thornton,et al.  Fine particle pH and the partitioning of nitric acid during winter in the northeastern United States , 2016 .

[97]  Oa Us Epa Basic Information of Air Emissions Factors and Quantification , 2016 .

[98]  M. Facchini,et al.  Direct observation of aqueous secondary organic aerosol from biomass-burning emissions , 2016, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[99]  Sebnem Aksoyoglu,et al.  Secondary inorganic aerosols in Europe: sources and the significant influence of biogenic VOC emissions, especially on ammonium nitrate , 2016 .

[100]  J. Peischl,et al.  Influence of oil and gas emissions on summertime ozone in the Colorado Northern Front Range , 2016 .

[101]  F. Keutsch,et al.  Ozone production chemistry in the presence of urban plumes. , 2016, Faraday discussions.

[102]  Rachel Kilgallon Investigating the role of chemical and geochemical tracers for CO2 transport and storage , 2016 .

[103]  C. Staquet,et al.  Persistent inversion dynamics and wintertime PM10 air pollution in Alpine valleys , 2016 .

[104]  Kostas Tsigaridis,et al.  Significant atmospheric aerosol pollution caused by world food cultivation , 2016 .

[105]  Christian Hansen,et al.  Non-linear temperature dependency of ammonia and methane emissions from a naturally ventilated dairy barn , 2016 .

[106]  D. Blake,et al.  Nighttime chemistry at a high altitude site above Hong Kong , 2016 .

[107]  J. Thornton,et al.  Reacto-Diffusive Length of N2O5 in Aqueous Sulfate- and Chloride-Containing Aerosol Particles. , 2016, The journal of physical chemistry. A.

[108]  G. Carmichael,et al.  Air quality forecasting for winter‐time PM2.5 episodes occurring in multiple cities in central and southern Chile , 2016 .

[109]  A. Ding,et al.  Enhanced air pollution via aerosol-boundary layer feedback in China , 2016, Scientific Reports.

[110]  M. Facchini,et al.  Evidence for ambient dark aqueous SOA formation in the Po Valley, Italy , 2015 .

[111]  M. Haeffelin,et al.  Forcing mechanisms governing diurnal, seasonal, and interannual variability in the boundary layer depths: Five years of continuous lidar observations over a suburban site near Paris , 2015 .

[112]  Qi Zhang,et al.  Influences of emission sources and meteorology on aerosol chemistry in a polluted urban environment: Results from DISCOVER-AQ California , 2015 .

[113]  Randal S. Martin,et al.  Long-Term Winter Inversion Properties in a Mountain Valley of the Western United States and Implications on Air Quality , 2015 .

[114]  J. Seinfeld,et al.  Simulating secondary organic aerosol in a regional air quality model using the statistical oxidation model - Part 2: Assessing the influence of vapor wall losses , 2015 .

[115]  E. Pardyjak,et al.  Turbulent Fluxes and Pollutant Mixing during Wintertime Air Pollution Episodes in Complex Terrain. , 2015, Environmental science & technology.

[116]  Jeremy R. Horne,et al.  The future of airborne sulfur-containing particles in the absence of fossil fuel sulfur dioxide emissions , 2015, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[117]  A. Weinheimer,et al.  On the effectiveness of nitrogen oxide reductions as a control over ammonium nitrate aerosol , 2015 .

[118]  A. Megaritis,et al.  Simulating the formation of carbonaceous aerosol in a European Megacity (Paris) during the MEGAPOLI summer and winter campaigns , 2015 .

[119]  M. Legrand,et al.  Strong HONO formation in a suburban site during snowy days , 2015 .

[120]  Anthony J. Marchese,et al.  Constructing a Spatially Resolved Methane Emission Inventory for the Barnett Shale Region. , 2015, Environmental science & technology.

[121]  J. Chow,et al.  Effects of Snow Cover and Atmospheric Stability on Winter PM2.5Concentrations in Western U.S. Valleys , 2015 .

[122]  Conor K. Gately,et al.  Cities, traffic, and CO2: A multidecadal assessment of trends, drivers, and scaling relationships , 2015, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[123]  J. Horel,et al.  Turbulent Erosion of Persistent Cold-Air Pools: Numerical Simulations* , 2015 .

[124]  A. Laskin,et al.  Chemistry of atmospheric brown carbon. , 2015, Chemical reviews.

[125]  J. Horel,et al.  Dynamically Induced Displacements of a Persistent Cold-Air Pool , 2015, Boundary-Layer Meteorology.

[126]  J. Crounse,et al.  Rapid deposition of oxidized biogenic compounds to a temperate forest , 2015, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[127]  Kevin R. Gurney,et al.  Toward quantification and source sector identification of fossil fuel CO2 emissions from an urban area: Results from the INFLUX experiment , 2015 .

[128]  A. Kaduwela,et al.  Modeling Air Quality in the San Joaquin Valley during the 2013 DISCOVER-AQ Field Campaign , 2014 .

[129]  D. Bish,et al.  Soil surface acidity plays a determining role in the atmospheric-terrestrial exchange of nitrous acid , 2014, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[130]  Andrew A. May,et al.  Intermediate-volatility organic compounds: a large source of secondary organic aerosol. , 2014, Environmental science & technology.

[131]  G. Carmichael,et al.  Modeled aerosol nitrate formation pathways during wintertime in the Great Lakes region of North America , 2014 .

[132]  C. Whiteman,et al.  Pseudovertical Temperature Profiles in a Broad Valley from Lines of Temperature Sensors on Sidewalls , 2014 .

[133]  C. Sweeney,et al.  High winter ozone pollution from carbonyl photolysis in an oil and gas basin , 2014, Nature.

[134]  M. Facchini,et al.  Aerosol liquid water driven by anthropogenic nitrate: implications for lifetimes of water-soluble organic gases and potential for secondary organic aerosol formation. , 2014, Environmental science & technology.

[135]  Sebastian W. Hoch,et al.  Relationship between particulate air pollution and meteorological variables in Utah's Salt Lake Valley , 2014 .

[136]  A. Karion,et al.  Understanding high wintertime ozone pollution events in an oil- and natural gas-producing region of the western US , 2014 .

[137]  M. Parlange,et al.  Momentum balance of katabatic flow on steep slopes covered with short vegetation , 2014 .

[138]  M. Facchini,et al.  Fog scavenging of organic and inorganic aerosol in the Po Valley , 2014 .

[139]  G. Sarwar,et al.  Importance of tropospheric ClNO2 chemistry across the Northern Hemisphere , 2014 .

[140]  J. Thornton,et al.  The primary and recycling sources of OH during the NACHTT‐2011 campaign: HONO as an important OH primary source in the wintertime , 2014 .

[141]  A. Hodzic,et al.  The effect of dry and wet deposition of condensable vapors on secondary organic aerosols concentrations over the continental US , 2014 .

[142]  Daven K. Henze,et al.  Ammonia emissions in the United States, European Union, and China derived by high‐resolution inversion of ammonium wet deposition data: Interpretation with a new agricultural emissions inventory (MASAGE_NH3) , 2014 .

[143]  V. Aneja,et al.  Measurement and modeling of hydrogen sulfide lagoon emissions from a swine concentrated animal feeding operation. , 2014, Environmental science & technology.

[144]  J. Thornton,et al.  Reactive uptake of N 2 O 5 to internally mixed inorganic and organic particles: the role of organic carbon oxidation state and inferred organic phase separations , 2013 .

[145]  J. Seinfeld,et al.  Modeling kinetic partitioning of secondary organic aerosol and size distribution dynamics: representing effects of volatility, phase state, and particle-phase reaction , 2013 .

[146]  F. Keutsch,et al.  On the temperature dependence of organic reactivity, nitrogen oxides, ozone production, and the impact of emission controls in San Joaquin Valley, California , 2013 .

[147]  A. Heber,et al.  The National Air Emissions Monitoring Study’s Southeast Layer Site: Part II. Particulate Matter , 2013 .

[148]  Albert J. Heber,et al.  The National Air Emissions Monitoring Study’s Southeast Layer Site: Part I. Site Characteristics and Monitoring Methodology , 2013 .

[149]  Randal S. Martin,et al.  Ozone photochemistry in an oil and natural gas extraction region during winter: simulations of a snow-free season in the Uintah Basin, Utah , 2013 .

[150]  J. Thornton,et al.  N2O5 uptake coefficients and nocturnal NO2 removal rates determined from ambient wintertime measurements , 2013 .

[151]  J. Thornton,et al.  Nitrogen, Aerosol Composition, and Halogens on a Tall Tower (NACHTT): Overview of a wintertime air chemistry field study in the front range urban corridor of Colorado , 2013 .

[152]  John H. Seinfeld,et al.  Size distribution dynamics reveal particle-phase chemistry in organic aerosol formation , 2013, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[153]  J. Seinfeld,et al.  Gas-particle partitioning of atmospheric aerosols: interplay of physical state, non-ideal mixing and morphology. , 2013, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[154]  W. B. Knighton,et al.  Contribution of nitrated phenols to wood burning brown carbon light absorption in Detling, United Kingdom during winter time. , 2013, Environmental science & technology.

[155]  A. Bertram,et al.  Viscosity of α-pinene secondary organic material and implications for particle growth and reactivity , 2013, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[156]  Alejandro Caparrós,et al.  Long run transitions to sustainable economic structures in the European Union and beyond , 2013 .

[157]  Daniel Mendoza,et al.  Implications of uncertainty on regional CO2 mitigation policies for the U.S. onroad sector based on a high-resolution emissions estimate , 2013 .

[158]  Robert A. Kotchenruther,et al.  Receptor model source attributions for Utah's Salt Lake City airshed and the impacts of wintertime secondary ammonium nitrate and ammonium chloride aerosol , 2013, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[159]  J. Seinfeld,et al.  Equilibration timescale of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol partitioning , 2012 .

[160]  J. Thornton,et al.  Quantifying Trace Gas Uptake to Tropospheric Aerosol: Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges , 2012 .

[161]  Joost A. de Gouw,et al.  Multiyear trends in volatile organic compounds in Los Angeles, California: Five decades of decreasing emissions , 2012 .

[162]  Neil Kelley,et al.  Wind Energy Meteorology: Insight into Wind Properties in the Turbine-Rotor Layer of the Atmosphere from High-Resolution Doppler Lidar , 2012 .

[163]  A. Zuend,et al.  Liquid‐liquid phase separation in aerosol particles: Dependence on O:C, organic functionalities, and compositional complexity , 2012 .

[164]  Bedrich Benes,et al.  Quantification of fossil fuel CO2 emissions on the building/street scale for a large U.S. city. , 2012, Environmental science & technology.

[165]  Steven S. Brown,et al.  Nighttime radical observations and chemistry. , 2012, Chemical Society reviews.

[166]  J. Schneider,et al.  Wintertime aerosol chemical composition and source apportionment of the organic fraction in the metropolitan area of Paris , 2012 .

[167]  A. Bertram,et al.  Images reveal that atmospheric particles can undergo liquid–liquid phase separations , 2012, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[168]  P. Bhave,et al.  Examining the impact of heterogeneous nitryl chloride production on air quality across the United States , 2012 .

[169]  Brent G. Schuchmann,et al.  Multispecies remote sensing measurements of vehicle emissions on Sherman Way in Van Nuys, California , 2012, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[170]  Gabrielle Pétron,et al.  Hydrocarbon emissions characterization in the Colorado Front Range: A pilot study , 2012 .

[171]  David D. Parrish,et al.  Air quality progress in North American megacities: A review , 2011 .

[172]  V. Aneja,et al.  Characterizing non-methane volatile organic compounds emissions from a swine concentrated animal feeding operation , 2011 .

[173]  R. Steinacker,et al.  Meteorological Events Affecting Cold-Air Pools in a Small Basin , 2011 .

[174]  B. Turpin,et al.  Secondary organic aerosol formation in cloud droplets and aqueous particles (aqSOA): a review of laboratory, field and model studies , 2011 .

[175]  Ulrich Pöschl,et al.  Glass transition and phase state of organic compounds: dependency on molecular properties and implications for secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere. , 2011, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[176]  Steve L Mara,et al.  Emission Factors for High-Emitting Vehicles Based on On-Road Measurements of Individual Vehicle Exhaust with a Mobile Measurement Platform , 2011, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[177]  J. Ehleringer,et al.  Urban carbon dioxide cycles within the Salt Lake Valley: A multiple‐box model validated by observations , 2011 .

[178]  A. Osses,et al.  Forecasting urban PM10 and PM2.5 pollution episodes in very stable nocturnal conditions and complex terrain using WRF–Chem CO tracer model , 2011 .

[179]  S. Larsen,et al.  The Nature, Theory, and Modeling of Atmospheric Planetary Boundary Layers , 2011 .

[180]  K. Elmore,et al.  Assessment of Forecasts during Persistent Valley Cold Pools in the Bonneville Basin by the North American Mesoscale Model , 2011 .

[181]  Timothy R. Dallmann,et al.  Evaluation of mobile source emission trends in the United States , 2010 .

[182]  C. Whiteman,et al.  Topographic Effects on the Surface Radiation Balance in and around Arizona’s Meteor Crater , 2010 .

[183]  Brad J. Adelman,et al.  Deposit Formation in Urea-SCR Systems , 2009 .

[184]  J. Thornton,et al.  Direct observations of N2O5 reactivity on ambient aerosol particles , 2009 .

[185]  Chih-Chung Chang,et al.  Amplified Trace Gas Removal in the Troposphere , 2009, Science.

[186]  Scott C. Herndon,et al.  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics a Case Study of Ozone Production, Nitrogen Oxides, and the Radical Budget in Mexico City , 2022 .

[187]  R. Harrison,et al.  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Real-time Secondary Aerosol Formation during a Fog Event in London , 2009 .

[188]  M. Kleeman,et al.  Regional contributions to airborne particulate matter in central California during a severe pollution episode , 2009 .

[189]  D. Jacob,et al.  Transition Metal-Catalyzed Oxidation of Atmospheric Sulfur: Global Implications for the Sulfur Budget , 2009 .

[190]  M. Kleeman,et al.  Modeling air quality during the California Regional PM10/PM2.5 Air Quality Study (CPRAQS) using the UCD/CIT Source Oriented Air Quality Model – Part II. Regional source apportionment of primary airborne particulate matter , 2008 .

[191]  D. Cocker,et al.  Trimethylamine as precursor to secondary organic aerosol formation via nitrate radical reaction in the atmosphere. , 2008, Environmental science & technology.

[192]  A. Ravishankara,et al.  High levels of nitryl chloride in the polluted subtropical marine boundary layer , 2008 .

[193]  H. Xin,et al.  Field sampling method for quantifying volatile sulfur compounds from animal feeding operations , 2008 .

[194]  S. Vosper,et al.  Numerical Simulations of Sheltering in Valleys: The Formation of Nighttime Cold-Air Pools , 2008 .

[195]  P. Shepson,et al.  An overview of snow photochemistry: evidence, mechanisms and impacts , 2007 .

[196]  Qi Zhang,et al.  Ubiquity and dominance of oxygenated species in organic aerosols in anthropogenically‐influenced Northern Hemisphere midlatitudes , 2007 .

[197]  S. Labi,et al.  Air Quality Impacts , 2007 .

[198]  N. G. Turan,et al.  Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds during Composting of Poultry Litter , 2007 .

[199]  D. Helbing,et al.  Growth, innovation, scaling, and the pace of life in cities , 2007, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[200]  P. H. Robinson,et al.  Volatile organic compound emissions from dairy cows and their waste as measured by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry. , 2007, Environmental science & technology.

[201]  K. Prather,et al.  Impact of biomass emissions on particle chemistry during the California Regional Particulate Air Quality Study , 2006 .

[202]  P. T. Roberts,et al.  Processes Influencing Secondary Aerosol Formation in the San Joaquin Valley during Winter , 2006, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[203]  P. T. Roberts,et al.  Wintertime Vertical Variations in Particulate Matter (PM) and Precursor Concentrations in the San Joaquin Valley during the California Regional Coarse PM/Fine PM Air Quality Study , 2006, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[204]  S. Wekker,et al.  On the Time Scale of Nocturnal Boundary Layer Cooling in Valleys and Basins and over Plains , 2006 .

[205]  K. Allwine,et al.  Nocturnal Low-Level Jet in a Mountain Basin Complex. Part II: Transport and Diffusion of Tracer under Stable Conditions , 2006 .

[206]  Andrew J. Kean,et al.  Temperature dependence of volatile organic compound evaporative emissions from motor vehicles , 2006 .

[207]  A. Ravishankara,et al.  Variability in Nocturnal Nitrogen Oxide Processing and Its Role in Regional Air Quality , 2006, Science.

[208]  J. Blunden,et al.  Characterization of non-methane volatile organic compounds at swine facilities in eastern North Carolina , 2005 .

[209]  M. Kleeman,et al.  Control strategies for the reduction of airborne particulate nitrate in California's San Joaquin Valley , 2005 .

[210]  W. J. Steenburgh,et al.  Can carbon dioxide be used as a tracer of urban atmospheric transport , 2005 .

[211]  A. Hofzumahaus,et al.  Daytime formation of nitrous acid: A major source of OH radicals in a forest , 2005 .

[212]  Barbara Zielinska,et al.  Emission Rates and Comparative Chemical Composition from Selected In-Use Diesel and Gasoline-Fueled Vehicles , 2004, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[213]  K. Emmerson,et al.  High levels of the hydroxyl radical in the winter urban troposphere , 2004 .

[214]  Frank Dentener,et al.  Secondary inorganic aerosol simulations for Europe with special attention to nitrate , 2004 .

[215]  J. Ehleringer,et al.  Seasonal cycle of carbon dioxide and its isotopic composition in an urban atmosphere: Anthropogenic and biogenic effects , 2003 .

[216]  Hal Westberg,et al.  Identification and quantification of volatile organic compounds from a dairy , 2003 .

[217]  C. Usher,et al.  Reactions on mineral dust. , 2003, Chemical reviews.

[218]  Shiyuan Zhong,et al.  An Evaluation of the MM5, RAMS, and Meso-Eta Models at Subkilometer Resolution Using VTMX Field Campaign Data in the Salt Lake Valley , 2003 .

[219]  J. Horel,et al.  Cold Air Pool Structure and Evolution in a Mountain Basin: Peter Sinks, Utah , 2003 .

[220]  Jeffrey R. Whiteaker,et al.  Hydroxymethanesulfonate as a tracer for fog processing of individual aerosol particles , 2003 .

[221]  B. Finlayson‐Pitts,et al.  The heterogeneous hydrolysis of NO2 in laboratory systems and in outdoor and indoor atmospheres: An integrated mechanism , 2003 .

[222]  D. Dabdub,et al.  NO x and VOC Control and Its Effects on the Formation of Aerosols , 2002 .

[223]  Ronald C. Cohen,et al.  A thermal dissociation laser‐induced fluorescence instrument for in situ detection of NO2, peroxy nitrates, alkyl nitrates, and HNO3 , 2002 .

[224]  J. Horel,et al.  MESOWEST: COOPERATIVE MESONETS IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES , 2002 .

[225]  Judith C. Chow,et al.  Review of PM2.5 and PM10 Apportionment for Fossil Fuel Combustion and Other Sources by the Chemical Mass Balance Receptor Model , 2002 .

[226]  M. Andreae,et al.  Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning , 2001 .

[227]  Ulrich Platt,et al.  Investigations of emissions and heterogeneous formation of HONO in a road traffic tunnel , 2001 .

[228]  U. Platt,et al.  Chemistry and oxidation capacity of the nitrate radical in the continental boundary layer near Berlin , 2001 .

[229]  P. Shepson,et al.  An investigation of the interaction of carbonyl compounds with the snowpack , 2000 .

[230]  J. Dibb,et al.  Release of NOx from sunlight‐irradiated midlatitude snow , 2000 .

[231]  Allen,et al.  Direct observation of heterogeneous chemistry in the atmosphere , 1998, Science.

[232]  A. Bouwman,et al.  A global high‐resolution emission inventory for ammonia , 1997 .

[233]  Donald Dabdub,et al.  Chemical Coupling Between Atmospheric Ozone and Particulate Matter , 1997 .

[234]  S. M. Aschmann,et al.  RATE CONSTANTS FOR THE GAS-PHASE REACTIONS OF ALKANES WITH CL ATOMS AT 296 2 K , 1995 .

[235]  L. Kleinman Low and high NOx tropospheric photochemistry , 1994 .

[236]  B. Finlayson‐Pitts,et al.  Atmospheric Chemistry of Tropospheric Ozone Formation: Scientific and Regulatory Implications , 1993 .

[237]  Michael P. Hannigan,et al.  Respeciation of organic gas emissions and the detection of excess unburned gasoline in the atmosphere , 1992 .

[238]  J. Seinfeld,et al.  The smog‐fog‐smog cycle and acid deposition , 1990 .

[239]  S. Liu,et al.  On the nonlinearity of the tropospheric ozone production , 1988 .

[240]  P. Winkler The growth of atmospheric aerosol particles with relative humidity , 1988 .

[241]  B. Heikes,et al.  Chemical mechanisms of acid generation in the troposphere , 1985, Nature.

[242]  S. Liu Possible effects on fropospheric O 3 and OH due to No emissions , 1977 .

[243]  H. Levy Normal Atmosphere: Large Radical and Formaldehyde Concentrations Predicted , 1971, Science.

[244]  Ammonia emissions , 2020 .

[245]  D. Helmig Air quality impacts from oil and natural gas development in Colorado , 2020 .

[246]  M. Kleeman Investigative modeling of PM2.5 episodes in the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin during recent years , 2019 .

[247]  Lynn Russell Characterizing the climate impacts of brown carbon , 2019 .

[248]  L. Hockstad,et al.  Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks , 2018 .

[249]  L. H. Ruiz,et al.  Chlorine-initiated oxidation of n-alkanes under high-NOx conditions: insights into secondary organic aerosol composition and volatility using a FIGAERO–CIMS , 2018, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics.

[250]  John C. Lin,et al.  The Wintertime Covariation of CO 2 and Criteria Pollutants in an Urban Valley of the Western United States , 2018 .

[251]  W. Horwath,et al.  N2O emissions from California farmlands: A review , 2017 .

[252]  Keith W. Oleson,et al.  Seasonal surface urban energy balance and wintertime stability simulated using three land‐surface models in the high‐latitude city Helsinki , 2016 .

[253]  J. Collett,et al.  Fog composition in the Central Valley of California over three decades , 2015 .

[254]  P. F. Sheridan,et al.  Characteristics of cold pools observed in narrow valleys and dependence on external conditions , 2014 .

[255]  A. Heber,et al.  The National Air Emissions Monitoring Study’s Southeast Layer Site: Part IV. Effects of Farm Management , 2013 .

[256]  T. W. Horst,et al.  The Persistent Cold-Air Pool Study , 2013 .

[257]  Arthur Christian Nelson,et al.  Megapolitan America : a new vision for understanding American's metropolitan geography , 2011 .

[258]  Jorn Herner,et al.  Emission factors for high-emitting vehicles based on on-road measurements of individual vehicle exhaust with a mobile measurement platform. , 2011, Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association.

[259]  C. Seigneur,et al.  Modeling wintertime particulate matter formation in central California , 2009 .

[260]  Direct Observations of N 2 O 5 Reactivity , 2009 .

[261]  Albert J. Heber,et al.  The National Air Emissions Monitoring Study , 2008 .

[262]  D. Jackson‐Smith,et al.  CHANGING LAND USE IN THE RURAL , 2006 .

[263]  B. Finlayson‐Pitts,et al.  Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere , 2000 .

[264]  A. Pfennig,et al.  Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation , 2000 .

[265]  Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990 – 1997 , 1999 .

[266]  Pierre Desprairies,et al.  World Energy Outlook , 1977 .