Mise en place d’outils d’aide au traitement des demandes de dosage de pesticides dans les milieux biologiques

Les pesticides sont des composes utilises afin d’eliminer une nuisance (insectes, vegetaux, champignons, …). Si leur toxicite vis a vis de nuisances est bien entendu le but de leur utilisation, leur toxicite pour l’Homme (ou l’animal) est egalement averee. Le role du toxicologue est notamment d’essayer de mieux comprendre cette toxicite, pour la prevenir ou la traiter. Malheureusement, au moins deux domaines sont encore insuffisamment documentes. Il s’agit d’une part des informations relatives aux biomarqueurs de dose qui demeurent tres partielles et tres dispersees et d’autre part des lacunes quant aux performances des methodes analytiques permettant un depistage large de ces biomarqueurs. Cette these a pour objectif de repondre en partie a ces deux ecueils : en realisant une recherche bibliographique permettant de faciliter l’interpretation de concentrations de pesticides et/ou de leurs metabolites dans les prelevements biologiques d’individus victimes d’intoxications aigues, d’individus exposes professionnellement et d’individus issus de la population generale (appelee aussi population supposee non exposee aux pesticides ou exposition environnementale), en developpant differentes methodes d’analyse permettant, soit la mise en evidence d’une intoxication aigue (methode de screening), soit la quantification de pesticides et/ou de metabolites dans differentes matrices, en essayant d’etablir des relations « concentration-symptomatologie clinique », sur la base de cas d’intoxication aigue rapportes de la litterature mais egalement de l’experience acquise a partir de cas auxquels nous avons ete confrontes. Ce travail, demeure bien entendu tres partiel dans le domaine tres vaste de la toxicologie des pesticides. Sa pretention etait de proposer au toxicologue des outils analytiques de recherche et de dosage, et de preciser quelques guidelines

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