Risk for Carotid Intima-Medial Thickness in Recently Menopausal Women Enrolled in the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS): Determination Using Fuzzy Logic

Previously, the biological factors were weighed by the expert opinions. In this paper, we evaluate the risk factors proposed by the expert opinions. We use fuzzy logic techniques for predicting risk for development of carotid intima–medial thickness (CIMT) using expert opinion and various factors associated with CIMT in recently menopausal women. Study participants were enrolled in the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS), a four-year study where participants were assigned to either oral or transdermal hormone treatments or to placebo. We use preference modeling techniques to determine the consensus winner of the causal factors. We use a measure to determine the degree to which one factor is preferred to another. We also determine the extent to which a factor is preferred to another by "most" experts. We determine the degree to which the experts agree. We consider a model concerning social networks and the effects of these networks on persons' opinions.

[1]  S. Asthana,et al.  Rationale and design of the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS) and the KEEPS cognitive and affective sub study (KEEPS Cog) , 2013, Brain Research.

[2]  Hiroyuki Honda,et al.  Combinational risk factors of metabolic syndrome identified by fuzzy neural network analysis of health-check data , 2012, BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making.

[3]  M. Goldust,et al.  Risk factors of coronary artery disease in women. , 2013, Pakistan journal of biological sciences : PJBS.

[4]  V. Miller,et al.  A Fuzzy Mathematical Model Determining the Risk for Carotid Intima-Medial Thickness in Recently Menopausal Women Enrolled in the KEEPS Study , 2014 .

[5]  Heritability of age at natural menopause in the Framingham Heart Study. , 2005 .

[6]  C. Hassager,et al.  The association between low bone mass at the menopause and cardiovascular mortality. , 1999, The American journal of medicine.

[7]  J. Price,et al.  Carotid intima–media thickness and the prediction of vascular events , 2012, Vascular medicine.

[8]  L. de las Fuentes,et al.  Osteopontin promoter polymorphism is associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness. , 2008, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography.

[9]  J. Manson,et al.  KEEPS: The Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study , 2005, Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society.

[10]  N. Ahmadi,et al.  Effects of intense exercise and moderate caloric restriction on cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation. , 2011, The American journal of medicine.

[11]  J. Polak,et al.  Intima-media thickness: a tool for atherosclerosis imaging and event prediction. , 2002, The American journal of cardiology.

[12]  K. Matthews,et al.  Progression rates of carotid intima-media thickness and adventitial diameter during the menopausal transition , 2013, Menopause.

[13]  N. Stefan,et al.  High plasma fetuin-A is associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness in a middle-aged population. , 2009, Atherosclerosis.

[14]  Ivar Heuch,et al.  Does age at natural menopause affect mortality from ischemic heart disease? , 1997, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[15]  David N. Rider,et al.  Genetic polymorphisms associated with carotid artery intima-media thickness and coronary artery calcification in women of the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study. , 2013, Physiological genomics.

[16]  L. Zadeh A COMPUTATIONAL APPROACH TO FUZZY QUANTIFIERS IN NATURAL LANGUAGES , 1983 .

[17]  Hua Zou,et al.  Application of fuzzy connectedness in 3D blood vessel extraction , 2010, Int. J. Bioinform. Res. Appl..

[18]  Susana Brás,et al.  Mathematical biomarkers for the autonomic regulation of cardiovascular system , 2013, Front. Physiol..

[19]  W. Kannel,et al.  Menopause and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: The Framingham Study , 1976 .

[20]  D. Grobbee,et al.  Cardiovascular risk factors and increased carotid intima-media thickness in healthy young adults: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Young Adults (ARYA) Study. , 2003, Archives of internal medicine.

[21]  Henry Völzke,et al.  Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Framingham Risk Score Predict Incident Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation: Longitudinal Results From the Study of Health in Pomerania , 2010, Stroke.

[22]  Okure U Obot,et al.  A neuro-fuzzy decision support system for the diagnosis of heart failure. , 2010, Studies in health technology and informatics.

[23]  B. Mitchell,et al.  Decreased Bone Mineral Density Is Correlated with Increased Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Older, but not Younger, Mexican American Women and Men: The San Antonio Family Osteoporosis Study , 2007, Calcified Tissue International.

[24]  W. Willett,et al.  Menopause and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. , 1987, The New England journal of medicine.