An Intervening Ethical Governor for a Robot Mediator in Patient-Caregiver Relationships

Patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) experience challenges when interacting with caregivers due to their declining control over their musculature. To remedy those challenges, a robot mediator can be used to assist in the relationship between PD patients and their caregivers. In this context, a variety of ethical issues can arise. To overcome one issue in particular, providing therapeutic robots with a robot architecture that can ensure patients’ and caregivers’ dignity is of potential value. In this paper, we describe an intervening ethical governor for a robot that enables it to ethically intervene, both to maintain effective patient-caregiver relationships and prevent the loss of dignity.

[1]  L. Tickle-Degnen,et al.  Practitioners' impressions of patients with Parkinson's disease: the social ecology of the expressive mask. , 2004, Social science & medicine.

[2]  John M. Evans,et al.  HelpMate: an autonomous mobile robot courier for hospitals , 1994, Proceedings of IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS'94).

[3]  C. A. Trombly,et al.  Occupational Therapy for Physical Dysfunction , 1989 .

[4]  Bradley A. Evanoff,et al.  Geographic and Ethnic Variation in Parkinson Disease: A Population-Based Study of US Medicare Beneficiaries , 2010, Neuroepidemiology.

[5]  George E. Stelmach,et al.  Prehension movements in Parkinson's disease , 1992 .

[6]  Nicola Smania,et al.  Robot-Assisted Gait Training in Patients With Parkinson Disease , 2012, Neurorehabilitation and neural repair.

[7]  Leslie A. Zebrowitz,et al.  Culture, gender and health care stigma: Practitioners' response to facial masking experienced by people with Parkinson's disease. , 2011, Social Science & Medicine (1967).

[8]  Master Textbook,et al.  TIP 47: Substance Abuse: Clinical Issues in Intensive Outpatient Treatment , 2016 .

[9]  Stan Matwin,et al.  Offensive Language Detection Using Multi-level Classification , 2010, Canadian Conference on AI.

[10]  N. Hogan,et al.  The effect of robot-assisted therapy and rehabilitative training on motor recovery following stroke. , 1997, Archives of neurology.

[11]  Linda Tickle-Degnen,et al.  Nonverbal Behavior and Its Functions in the Ecosystem of Rapport. , 2006 .

[12]  Bruce A. MacDonald,et al.  Acceptance of Healthcare Robots for the Older Population: Review and Future Directions , 2009, Int. J. Soc. Robotics.

[13]  Andrew Rosenberg,et al.  Let me finish: automatic conflict detection using speaker overlap , 2013, INTERSPEECH.

[14]  N. Hockstein,et al.  Robotic Microlaryngeal Surgery: A Technical Feasibility Study Using the daVinci Surgical Robot and an Airway Mannequin , 2005, The Laryngoscope.

[15]  Shrikanth S. Narayanan,et al.  An analysis of multimodal cues of interruption in dyadic spoken interactions , 2008, INTERSPEECH.

[16]  Ronald C. Arkin,et al.  An Ethical Governor for Constraining Lethal Action in an Autonomous System , 2009 .

[17]  Ronald C. Arkin,et al.  Moral Decision Making in Autonomous Systems: Enforcement, Moral Emotions, Dignity, Trust, and Deception , 2012, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[18]  G. Caravaglios,et al.  Robotics in general surgery: personal experience in a large community hospital. , 2003, Archives of surgery.

[19]  Elizabeth Shriberg,et al.  Spotting "hot spots" in meetings: human judgments and prosodic cues , 2003, INTERSPEECH.

[20]  Ying Chen,et al.  Detecting Offensive Language in Social Media to Protect Adolescent Online Safety , 2012, 2012 International Conference on Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust and 2012 International Confernece on Social Computing.

[21]  Tayfur Altiok,et al.  Manufacturing in the pharmaceutical industry , 1995 .

[22]  Michael J. Pettinati,et al.  Moral Emotions, Robots, and their Role in Managing Stigma in Early Stage Parkinson’s Disease Caregiving , 2014 .

[23]  Masahiro Fujita,et al.  An ethological and emotional basis for human-robot interaction , 2003, Robotics Auton. Syst..

[24]  Russell H. Taylor,et al.  Development of a Surgical Robot for Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty , 1992, Clinical orthopaedics and related research.