Management of Hemophilic Arthropathy of the Ankle.

BACKGROUND Hemophilic arthropathy (HA) of the ankle is prevalent in people with hemophilia (PWH). It is frequently severe and incapacitating, due to recurrent bleeding into the ankle articulation during infancy. Around 50% of hemophilic patients suffer from ankle pain and radiological signs of HA. OBJECTIVE To review current treatment of HA of the ankle in PWH. METHOD A literature review of hemophilic ankle arthropathy in PWH was performed utilizing MEDLINE (PubMed) and the Cochrane Library. RESULTS Primary hematologic prophylaxis could keep away from the development of ankle HA if the level of the patient's deficient factor is prevented from dropping below 1% of normal. Recurrent articular bleeding can be prevented by the intravenous infusion of clotting factor concentrates (prophylaxis). Major articular bleeds and chronic hemophilic synovitis should be managed fiercely to prevent ankle HA. In the circumstance of advancing articular involvement, some noninvasive and invasive procedures can procure symptomatic mitigation and ameliorate the patient's function and quality of life. CONCLUSION The ideal treatment for the hemophilic ankle when hematologic prophylaxis fails includes physical medicine and rehabilitation, orthoses, radiosynovectomy, arthroscopic ankle debridement (in the initial stages of cartilage degeneration), and ankle distraction, ankle fusion or total ankle replacement (in advanced stages of cartilage degeneration).