La question du vote. Expérimentations en laboratoire et In Situ

Cet article est une revue de la litterature sur les experimentations de vote qui etudient les comportements des votants et les proprietes des modes de scrutin. Tout d'abord, nous decrivons les experimentations menees en laboratoire autour de trois aspects principaux : resultats agreges selon le mode de scrutin, vote strategique, paradoxe du vote. Nous abordons ensuite les experimentations In Situ, typiques de l'etude experimentale du vote, consistant a tester en marge d'elections officielles d'envergure des methodes de vote alternatives. Nous etudions le protocole experimental, deux enseignements generaux –l'accueil et les reactions des electeurs– ainsi que deux enseignements specifiques –la comparaison des resultats agreges et la description de l'offre politique telle que percue par les electeurs.

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