Carrier recovery for blind equalization

Carrier recovery techniques are presented that work with blind equalization of high-order QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) signal constellations, specifically, the square uncoded 64-QAM and CCITT V.33 cross-trellis-coded 128-QAM constellations. The techniques were confirmed by laboratory experiments using a WE-DSP32-based real-time digital signal processor and analog-simulated voiceband telephone channels containing the common impairments of additive noise, linear distortion, frequency offset, phase jitter, and nonlinear distortion.<<ETX>>