Carbon nanotube electric immunoassay for the detection of swine influenza virus H1N1

Abstract A low-cost, label-free, ultra-sensitive electric immunoassay is developed for the detection of swine influenza virus (SIV) H1N1. The assay is based on the excellent electrical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Antibody–virus complexes influence the conductance of underlying SWCNT thin film, which has been constructed by facile layer-by-layer self-assembly. The basic steps of conventional immunoassay are performed followed by the electric characterization of immunochips at the last stage. The resistance of immunochips tends to increase upon surface adsorption of macromolecules such as poly-l-lysine, anti-SIV antibodies, and SIVs during the assay. The resistance shift after the binding of SIV with anti-SIV antibody is normalized with the resistances of bare devices. The sensor selectivity tests are performed with non-SIVs, showing the normalized resistance shift of 12% as a background. The detection limit of 180 TCID50/ml of SIV is obtained suggesting a potential application of this assay as point-of-care detection or monitoring system. This facile CNT-based immunoassay also has the potential to be used as a sensing platform for lab-on-a-chip system.

[1]  Raymond Tsui,et al.  Electrical detection of hepatitis C virus RNA on single wall carbon nanotube-field effect transistors. , 2007, The Analyst.

[2]  Gengfeng Zheng,et al.  Electrical detection of single viruses. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[3]  Petr Skládal,et al.  Advances in electrochemical immunosensors , 1997 .

[4]  Tianhong Cui,et al.  Low-cost, transparent, and flexible single-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposite based ion-sensitive field-effect transistors for pH/glucose sensing. , 2010, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[5]  Michael C. McAlpine,et al.  Electrical detection of pathogenic bacteria via immobilized antimicrobial peptides , 2010, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[6]  Wayne Einfeld,et al.  Rapid microchip-based electrophoretic immunoassays for the detection of swine influenza virus. , 2008, Lab on a chip.

[7]  Tianhong Cui,et al.  Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembled Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Based Ion-Sensitive Conductometric Glucose Biosensors , 2009 .

[8]  Y. Chapman,et al.  A very public death: dying of mesothelioma and asbestos-related lung cancer (M/ARLC) in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria, Australia. , 2009, Rural and remote health.

[9]  A. Reshetilov,et al.  A new assay format for electrochemical immunosensors: polyelectrolyte-based separation on membrane carriers combined with detection of peroxidase activity by pH-sensitive field-effect transistor. , 2003, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[10]  Mark E. Thompson,et al.  Label-free, electrical detection of the SARS virus N-protein with nanowire biosensors utilizing antibody mimics as capture probes. , 2009, ACS nano.

[11]  Yuan Gao,et al.  Covalent immobilization of proteins on carbon nanotubes using the cross-linker 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide--a critical assessment. , 2008, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[12]  S. Goyal,et al.  Detection and subtyping of swine influenza H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 viruses in clinical samples using two multiplex RT-PCR assays. , 2002, Journal of virological methods.

[13]  R. Marks,et al.  Development of a chemiluminescent optical fiber immunosensor to detect Streptococcus pneumoniae antipolysaccharide antibodies , 2000, Applied biochemistry and biotechnology.

[14]  R F Bey,et al.  ELISA Method for Detection of Influenza A Infection in Swine , 1993, Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation : official publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc.

[15]  Tianhong Cui,et al.  pH-dependent conductance behaviors of layer-by-layer self-assembled carboxylated carbon nanotube multilayer thin-film sensors , 2009 .

[16]  Eric Nebling,et al.  Electrical detection of viral DNA using ultramicroelectrode arrays. , 2004, Analytical chemistry.

[17]  V. Pizziconi,et al.  A cell-based immunobiosensor with engineered molecular recognition--Part I: Design feasibility. , 1997, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[18]  S. Kubitschko,et al.  Sensitivity enhancement of optical immunosensors with nanoparticles. , 1997, Analytical biochemistry.

[19]  A. Vincent,et al.  Novel Swine Influenza Virus Subtype H3N1, United States , 2006, Emerging infectious diseases.

[20]  O A Sadik,et al.  Applications of electrochemical immunosensors to environmental monitoring. , 1996, Biosensors & bioelectronics.

[21]  L. Lechuga,et al.  Label-free pathogen detection with sensor chips assembled from Peptide nanotubes. , 2008, Angewandte Chemie.

[22]  George G. Guilbault,et al.  Development of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) immunosensor for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes , 2001 .

[23]  R. Kunz,et al.  Compact integrated optical immunosensor using replicated chirped grating coupler sensor chips , 1998 .