Laser immunotherapy for advanced solid tumors

Immunologically oriented therapy (immunotherapy) has arguably proved to be the most effective method for treating advanced melanoma, the prototypical chemotherapy-resistant solid tumor. The efficacy and benefit of immunotherapy for other tumors, including those that are at least partly responsive to chemotherapy, is less well established. Breast cancer, one of the most common of the solid tumors in humans, is partially responsive to traditional chemotherapy. We believe that breast cancer patients, like melanoma patients, will benefit from the application of immunotherapy techniques. Here we review the different forms of laser immunotherapy (LIT), a key type of immunologically oriented therapy, discuss its use in melanoma and in breast cancer, and discuss its potentially pivotal role in the immunotherapy armamentarium.

[1]  Wei R. Chen,et al.  Chitin, Chitosan, and Glycated Chitosan Regulate Immune Responses: The Novel Adjuvants for Cancer Vaccine , 2013, Clinical & developmental immunology.

[2]  Jedd D. Wolchok,et al.  PD-L1 (B7-H1) and PD-1 pathway blockade for cancer therapy: Mechanisms, response biomarkers, and combinations , 2016, Science Translational Medicine.

[3]  Feifan Zhou,et al.  Immunostimulatory properties of glycated chitosan. , 2011, Journal of X-ray science and technology.

[4]  J. Vansteenkiste,et al.  Immunotherapy: Beyond Anti-PD-1 and Anti-PD-L1 Therapies. , 2016, American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting.

[5]  J. Brennick,et al.  Histologic resolution of melanoma in situ (lentigo maligna) with 5% imiquimod cream. , 2003, Archives of dermatology.

[6]  Robert E. Nordquist,et al.  Clinical effects of in situ photoimmunotherapy on late-stage melanoma patients , 2010, Cancer biology & therapy.

[7]  Hong Liu,et al.  Glycated chitosan as a new non-toxic immunological stimulant , 2009, Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology.

[8]  H. Kohrt,et al.  Predictive correlates of response to the anti-PD-L1 antibody MPDL3280A in cancer patients , 2014, Nature.

[9]  D. Schadendorf,et al.  Improved survival with ipilimumab in patients with metastatic melanoma. , 2010, The New England journal of medicine.

[10]  R. Nordquist,et al.  In situ photoimmunotherapy: a tumour‐directed treatment for melanoma , 2006, British Journal of Dermatology.

[11]  Hong Liu,et al.  Effect of different components of laser immunotherapy in treatment of metastatic tumors in rats. , 2002, Cancer research.

[12]  R. Nordquist,et al.  Laser-photosensitizer assisted immunotherapy: a novel modality for cancer treatment. , 1997, Cancer letters.

[13]  M. Atkins,et al.  Advances in immunotherapy for melanoma , 2016, BMC Medicine.

[14]  R. Nordquist,et al.  Antitumor immunity induced by laser immunotherapy and its adoptive transfer. , 2001, Cancer research.

[15]  A. Rademaker,et al.  In situ photoimmunotherapy: a surgery- and limb-sparing approach to the treatment of cutaneous metastases in advanced melanoma. , 2010, Archives of dermatology.

[16]  R. Emerson,et al.  Distinct immunological mechanisms of CTLA-4 and PD-1 blockade revealed by analyzing TCR usage in blood lymphocytes , 2014, Oncoimmunology.

[17]  N. Yawalkar,et al.  Imiquimod treatment of lentigo maligna: an open-label study of 34 primary lesions in 32 patients. , 2008, Archives of dermatology.

[18]  V. Boussiotis.  Molecular and Biochemical Aspects of the PD-1 Checkpoint Pathway. , 2016, The New England journal of medicine.

[19]  D. Brizel,et al.  Immunotherapy and Checkpoint Inhibitors in Recurrent and Metastatic Head and Neck Cancer. , 2016, American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting.

[20]  K. Schalper,et al.  Basic Overview of Current Immunotherapy Approaches in Cancer. , 2016, American Society of Clinical Oncology educational book. American Society of Clinical Oncology. Annual Meeting.

[21]  P. Hegde,et al.  The Where, the When, and the How of Immune Monitoring for Cancer Immunotherapies in the Era of Checkpoint Inhibition , 2016, Clinical Cancer Research.

[22]  Wei R. Chen,et al.  InCVAX--a novel strategy for treatment of late-stage, metastatic cancers through photoimmunotherapy induced tumor-specific immunity. , 2015, Cancer letters.

[23]  I. Voutsadakis.  Immune Blockade Inhibition in Breast Cancer. , 2016, Anticancer research.

[24]  R. Emerson,et al.  PD-1 blockade induces responses by inhibiting adaptive immune resistance , 2014, Nature.

[25]  Hong Liu,et al.  Enhancement of Laser Cancer Treatment by a Chitosan-derived Immunoadjuvant¶ , 2005, Photochemistry and photobiology.