Assessment of sorghum genetic resources of Ethiopia for anthracnose ( Colletotrichum sublineolum Henn.) resistance and agronomic traits

Sorghum anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum sublineolum Henn. is one of the key diseases limiting sorghum production and productivity. Development of anthracnose‐resistant sorghum genotypes possessing yield‐promoting agronomic traits is an important breeding goal in sorghum improvement programs. The objective of this study was to determine the responses of diverse sorghum genetic resources for anthracnose resistance and agronomic traits to identify desirable lines for breeding. A total of 366 sorghum collections and three standard checks were field evaluated during the 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons. Lines were artificially inoculated with a virulent pure isolate of the pathogen. Anthracnose disease severity was assessed to calculate the area under disease progress curve (AUDPC). Agronomic traits such as panicle length (PL), panicle width (PW), head weight (HW) and thousand grain weight (TGW) were measured. Lines showed highly significant differences (p < .001) for anthracnose severity, AUDPC and agronomic traits. Among the collections 32 lines developed levels of disease severity between 15% and 30% in both seasons. The following sorghum landraces were selected: 71708, 210903, 74222, 73955, 74685, 74670, 74656, 74183, 234112, 69412, 226057, 214852, 71420, 71484, 200126, 71557, 75120, 71547, 220014, 228179, 16212, 16173, 16133, 69088, 238388, 16168 and 71570. These landraces had a relatively low anthracnose severity possessing farmer‐preferred agronomic traits. The selected genotypes are useful genetic resources to develop anthracnose‐resistant sorghum cultivars.

[1]  G. Girish,et al.  Character association and path analysis studies in germplasm lines of rabi sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench) , 2017 .

[2]  P. Klein,et al.  Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Anthracnose Resistance in Sorghum , 2017 .

[3]  W. Vermerris,et al.  Using Genotyping by Sequencing to Map Two Novel Anthracnose Resistance Loci in Sorghum bicolor , 2016, G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics.

[4]  F. Rodrigues,et al.  Bioprospecting of Saprobe Fungi from the Semi-Arid North-East of Brazil for the Control of Anthracnose on Sorghum , 2015 .

[5]  L. V. Cota,et al.  Pathotypes of Colletotrichum sublineolum in Response to Sorghum Populations with Different Levels of Genetic Diversity in Sete Lagoas‐MG , 2015 .

[6]  P. Klein,et al.  Sequencing of an Anthracnose‐Resistant Sorghum Genotype and Mapping of a Major QTL Reveal Strong Candidate Genes for Anthracnose Resistance , 2015 .

[7]  L. V. Cota,et al.  Genotype rotation for leaf anthracnose disease management in sorghum , 2015 .

[8]  H. Cuevas,et al.  Inheritance and molecular mapping of anthracnose resistance genes present in sorghum line SC112-14 , 2014, Molecular Breeding.

[9]  D. Nyadanu,et al.  Exploring variation, relationships and heritability of traits among selected accessions of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) in the Upper East region of Ghana. , 2014 .

[10]  Lei Li,et al.  Isolation and expression analysis of defense-related genes in sorghum–Colletotrichum sublineolum interaction , 2013 .

[11]  P. Okori,et al.  Prevalence of sorghum anthracnose in different agroecologies of Uganda , 2013 .

[12]  H. Upadhyaya,et al.  Resistance to Foliar Diseases in a Mini-Core Collection of Sorghum Germplasm. , 2012, Plant disease.

[13]  R. Perumal,et al.  Genetic diversity and pathotype determination of Colletotrichum sublineolum isolates causing anthracnose in sorghum , 2012, European Journal of Plant Pathology.

[14]  I. Zahid,et al.  Morphogenetic diversity of Colletotrichum species infecting Sorghum bicolor in the lake basin regions of Kenya , 2012 .

[15]  R. Perumal,et al.  Sorghum pathology and biotechnology - a fungal disease perspective: Part II. Anthracnose, stalk rot, and downy mildew , 2012 .

[16]  T. Isakeit,et al.  Response of Sorghum Accessions from Four African Countries against Colletotrichum sublineolum, Causal Agent of Sorghum Anthracnose , 2012 .

[17]  C. Dixelius,et al.  Two loci in sorghum with NB-LRR encoding genes confer resistance to Colletotrichum sublineolum , 2011, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[18]  A. Chala,et al.  Evaluation of Ethiopian sorghum accessions for resistance against Colletotrichum sublineolum , 2011, European Journal of Plant Pathology.

[19]  T. Tesso,et al.  Association between morphological traits and yield components in the durra sorghums of Ethiopia. , 2011, Hereditas.

[20]  J. Erpelding.  Anthracnose disease response in the Burundi sorghum germplasm collection , 2010 .

[21]  E. Buiate,et al.  Evaluation of resistance in sorghum genotypes to the causal agent of anthracnose , 2010 .

[22]  L. Prom,et al.  Effect of Host Genotypes and Weather Variables on the Severity and Temporal Dynamics of Sorghum Anthracnose in Ethiopia , 2010 .

[23]  A. Chala,et al.  Incidence and severity of sorghum anthracnose in Ethiopia. , 2010 .

[24]  H. Upadhyaya,et al.  Developing a mini core collection of sorghum for diversified utilization of germplasm. , 2009 .

[25]  T. Isakeit,et al.  A Pictorial Technique for Mass Screening of Sorghum Germplasm for Anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineolum) Resistance , 2009 .

[26]  J. Erpelding.  Anthracnose Disease Response for Photoperiod-Insensitive Ethiopian Germplasm from the U.S. Sorghum Collection , 2009 .

[27]  P. Klein,et al.  Molecular mapping of Cg1, a gene for resistance to anthracnose (Colletotrichum sublineolum) in sorghum , 2009, Euphytica.

[28]  S. Indira,et al.  Genetic resistance to foliar anthracnose in sorghum and pathogenic variability in Colletotrichum graminicola , 2007 .

[29]  R. Thakur.  Genetic resistance to foliar anthracnose in sorghum and pathogenic variability in Colletotrichum graminicola , 2007 .

[30]  A. Chala,et al.  Prevalence and intensity of sorghum anthracnose in Ethiopia , 2007 .

[31]  S. Ramesh,et al.  ICRISAT–Indian NARS partnership sorghum improvement research: Strategies and impacts , 2007 .

[32]  H. Sharma,et al.  Genetic Variability and Path Coefficient Analysis in Sorghum , 2006 .

[33]  Monika Singh,et al.  RAPD-based SCAR marker SCA 12 linked to recessive gene conferring resistance to anthracnose in sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] , 2006, Theoretical and Applied Genetics.

[34]  L. Prom,et al.  Variation for Anthracnose Resistance within the Sorghum Germplasm Collection from Mozambique, Africa , 2006 .

[35]  W. Rooney,et al.  Classification and inheritance of genetic resistance to anthracnose in sorghum , 2005 .

[36]  F. Rattunde,et al.  Sorghum Anthracnose and Sustainable Management Strategies in West and Central Africa , 2005 .

[37]  E. Erpelding,et al.  Evaluation of Malian Sorghum Germplasm for Resistance Against Anthracnose , 2004 .

[38]  H. Ngugi,et al.  Prevalence, Incidence, and Severity of Sorghum Diseases in Western Kenya. , 2002, Plant disease.

[39]  I. Onu,et al.  Reactions of Sorghum Genotypes to Anthracnose and Grey Leaf Spot Diseases Under Sudan and Sahel Savanna Field Conditions of Nigeria , 2001 .

[40]  C. Casela,et al.  Reaction of sorghum genotypes to the anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola , 2001 .

[41]  M. D. Thomas,et al.  Development of leaf anthracnose and its effect on yield and grain weight of sorghum in West Africa , 1996 .

[42]  J. A. Bailey,et al.  rDNA sequence analysis confirms the distinction between Colletotrichum graminicola and C. sublineolum , 1995 .

[43]  G. Bruehl.  Anthracnose of cereals and grasses. , 1950 .