A nitrilase from a metagenomic library acts regioselectively on aliphatic dinitriles

Several novel nitrilases were selected from metagenomic libraries using cinnamonitrile and a mixture of six different nitriles as substrates. The nitrilase gene nit1 was expressed in Escherichia coli and the resulting protein was further examined concerning its biochemical properties. Nit1 turned out to be an aliphatic nitrilase favoring dinitriles over mononitriles. Stereochemical analysis revealed that Nit1 converted the dinitrile 2-methylglutaronitrile regioselectively. Hydrolysis at the ω-nitrile group of a dinitrile, such as catalyzed by Nit1, leads to ω-cyanocarboxylic acids, which are important precursors for chemical and pharmaceutical products. Nit1 metabolized 2-methylglutaronitrile to the corresponding ω-cyanocarboxylic acid 4-cyanopentanoic acid can be used for the production of the fine chemical 1,5-dimethyl-2-piperidone.

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