Viruses: Making Friends with Old Foes

The study of viruses has traditionally focused on their roles as infectious agents and as tools for understanding cell biology. Viruses are now finding a new expanded role as nanoplatforms with applications in materials science and medicine. Viruses form highly symmetrical monodisperse architectures and are ideal templates for engineering multifunctionality, including multivalent display of surface ligands and encapsulation of inorganic and organic materials. These developments assure that viruses will find applications as versatile nanoscale materials.

[1]  Trevor Douglas,et al.  Melanoma and lymphocyte cell-specific targeting incorporated into a heat shock protein cage architecture. , 2006, Chemistry & biology.

[2]  A. Belcher,et al.  Bio‐inspired Synthesis of Protein‐Encapsulated CoPt Nanoparticles , 2005 .

[3]  Trevor Douglas,et al.  Paramagnetic viral nanoparticles as potential high‐relaxivity magnetic resonance contrast agents , 2005, Magnetic resonance in medicine.

[4]  John E. Johnson,et al.  The role of subunit hinges and molecular "switches" in the control of viral capsid polymorphism. , 2006, Journal of structural biology.

[5]  George Georgiou,et al.  Virus-Based Toolkit for the Directed Synthesis of Magnetic and Semiconducting Nanowires , 2004, Science.

[6]  Chandrajit L. Bajaj,et al.  VIPERdb: a relational database for structural virology , 2005, Nucleic Acids Res..

[7]  宁北芳,et al.  疟原虫var基因转换速率变化导致抗原变异[英]／Paul H, Robert P, Christodoulou Z, et al//Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A , 2005 .

[8]  John E. Johnson,et al.  Hybrid virus-polymer materials. 1. Synthesis and properties of PEG-decorated cowpea mosaic virus. , 2003 .

[9]  Paul F. Barbara,et al.  Selection of peptides with semiconductor binding specificity for directed nanocrystal assembly , 2000, Nature.

[10]  Andries Zijlstra,et al.  Viral nanoparticles as tools for intravital vascular imaging , 2006, Nature Medicine.

[11]  John E. Johnson,et al.  Chemical conjugation of heterologous proteins on the surface of Cowpea mosaic virus. , 2004, Bioconjugate chemistry.

[12]  Qian Wang,et al.  Bioconjugation by copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne [3 + 2] cycloaddition. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[13]  John E. Johnson,et al.  The structure of a thermophilic archaeal virus shows a double-stranded DNA viral capsid type that spans all domains of life. , 2004, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[14]  John E. Johnson,et al.  Natural supramolecular building blocks. Cysteine-added mutants of cowpea mosaic virus. , 2002, Chemistry & biology.

[15]  M. Young,et al.  2-D array formation of genetically engineered viral cages on au surfaces and imaging by atomic force microscopy. , 2003, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[16]  V. Georgiev.  Virology , 1955, Nature.

[17]  John E. Johnson,et al.  Maturation of a tetravirus capsid alters the dynamic properties and creates a metastable complex. , 2005, Virology.

[18]  R A Milligan,et al.  Automated identification of filaments in cryoelectron microscopy images. , 2001, Journal of structural biology.

[19]  M. Francis,et al.  Dual-surface modification of the tobacco mosaic virus. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[20]  C. Suttle.  Viruses in the sea , 2005, Nature.

[21]  Mato Knez,et al.  Biotemplate Synthesis of 3-nm Nickel and Cobalt Nanowires , 2003 .

[22]  R. Markham,et al.  A study of the self-assembly process in a small spherical virus. Formation of organized structures from protein subunits in vitro. , 1967, Virology.

[23]  Erkki Ruoslahti,et al.  Organ targeting In vivo using phage display peptide libraries , 1996, Nature.

[24]  John E. Johnson,et al.  Structures of the native and swollen forms of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus determined by X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. , 1995, Structure.

[25]  Stephen Mann,et al.  Synthesis of inorganic nanophase materials in supramolecular protein cages , 1991, Nature.

[26]  John E. Johnson,et al.  Natural Nanochemical Building Blocks: Icosahedral Virus Particles Organized by Attached Oligonucleotides , 2004 .

[27]  Trevor Douglas,et al.  Host–guest encapsulation of materials by assembled virus protein cages , 1998, Nature.

[28]  Q. Wang,et al.  Icosahedral Virus Particles as Polyvalent Carbohydrate Display Platforms , 2003, Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology.