Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Cardiometabolic Risks and Lung Function Impairment among Middle-Aged Women in Rural Taiwan

Background: This study aims to explore the prevalence of and factors associated with cardiometabolic risks and lung function impairment among middle-aged women. Methods: A nurse-led community health development and cross-sectional study design was applied in Yunlin County, Taiwan. Lung function test was performed by a certified technician using a valid spirometer, during annual community health checkups conducted by a collaborating local hospital. Lung function impairment and cardiometabolic risks were measured and defined, based on the medical diagnosis and the national standard, by the hospital. Results: From a total of 439 middle-aged women, the prevalence of lung function impairment and metabolic syndrome were 26% and 47.2%, respectively. Many women adopted few health habits, e.g., only 30.5% engaged in regular exercise. A significant association between lung function impairment and four cardiometabolic risk factors (p < 0.05) was found. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that adopting few exercises (OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.36–0.87) and lung function impairment (OR = 2.12, 95% CI 1.34–3.35) were independently associated with metabolic syndrome, after adjusting for confounding factors, such as age and education. Conclusions: The findings revealed that middle-aged women have a high prevalence of cardiometabolic risks and lung function impairment. Lung function impairment and physical inactivity were independently associated with an increased risk of having metabolic syndrome.

[1]  N. Kondo,et al.  Associations between Healthcare Resources and Healthy Life Expectancy: A Descriptive Study across Secondary Medical Areas in Japan , 2020, International journal of environmental research and public health.

[2]  F. Martin,et al.  Habitual exercise affects inhibitory processing in young and middle age men and women. , 2019, International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology.

[3]  Lola A. Coke,et al.  Guideline on the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: Let's Get It Into Practice! , 2019, The Journal of cardiovascular nursing.

[4]  S. Straus,et al.  Rate of normal lung function decline in ageing adults: a systematic review of prospective cohort studies , 2019, BMJ Open.

[5]  E. Sánchez,et al.  Effects of Mediterranean Diet and Physical Activity on Pulmonary Function: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in the ILERVAS Project , 2019, Nutrients.

[6]  R. Cumming,et al.  Lifestyle Interventions to Promote Healthy Nutrition and Physical Activity in MiddleAge (40-60 Years) Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial in the North of Iran , 2019, Journal of research in health sciences.

[7]  P. Werner,et al.  Subjective Age and Its Correlates Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults , 2019, International journal of aging & human development.

[8]  Y. Ohno,et al.  The association between glycemic control and lung function impairment in individuals with diabetes: the Saku study , 2018, Diabetology International.

[9]  Zhimin Wang,et al.  Reference values for lung function screening in 10- to 81-year-old, healthy, never-smoking residents of Southeast China , 2018, Medicine.

[10]  L. Ayalon,et al.  Subjective Meanings and Identification With Middle Age , 2018, International journal of aging & human development.

[11]  B. Levine,et al.  Reversing the Cardiac Effects of Sedentary Aging in Middle Age—A Randomized Controlled Trial: Implications For Heart Failure Prevention , 2018, Circulation.

[12]  I. Wakabayashi Relationship between age and cardiometabolic index in Japanese men and women. , 2017, Obesity research & clinical practice.

[13]  K. Polkinghorne,et al.  Total volume and composition of fluid intake and mortality in older women: a cohort study , 2017, BMJ Open.

[14]  H. Chae,et al.  Prevalence and risk factors for reduced pulmonary function in diabetic patients: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey , 2017, The Korean journal of internal medicine.

[15]  Y. Yun,et al.  Elevated blood viscosity is associated with cerebral small vessel disease in patients with acute ischemic stroke , 2017, BMC Neurology.

[16]  S. Crawford,et al.  Characteristics of the middle-age adult inpatient fall. , 2016, Applied nursing research : ANR.

[17]  K. Cooper,et al.  Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Middle Age and Health Care Costs in Later Life. , 2015, Journal of the American College of Cardiology.

[18]  A. Pandey,et al.  Low Fitness in Midlife: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Prevention. , 2015, Progress in cardiovascular diseases.

[19]  S. Saydah,et al.  Trends in cardiovascular disease risk factors by obesity level in adults in the United States, NHANES 1999‐2010 , 2014, Obesity.

[20]  T. Rantanen Midlife fitness predicts less burden of chronic disease in later life. , 2013, Clinical journal of sport medicine : official journal of the Canadian Academy of Sport Medicine.

[21]  Lawrence A Leiter,et al.  Managing cardiometabolic risk in primary care: summary of the 2011 consensus statement. , 2012, Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien.

[22]  D. Levy,et al.  Smoking behaviour in Taiwan, 2001 , 2005, Tobacco Control.

[23]  H. Minuk,et al.  Metabolic syndrome. , 2005, Journal of insurance medicine.