Degradation of solid dielectrics due to internal partial discharge: some thoughts on progress made and where to go now

The amount of literature on partial discharge (PD) and partial discharge induced degradation is vast. In the past 10-20 years significant progress has been made on research within partial discharge induced aging of dielectrics. Researchers now agree on the main mechanisms pertaining to this topic. With the advent of a new generation of dielectrics of which many properties now can be affected by the introduction of small amounts of nano-sized particles it seems to be a good moment to review the progress on the understanding of PD induced aging. Focusing on internal partial discharge in solid polymeric insulation this paper tries to identify achievements and at the same time challenges still to be solved.

[1]  R. Bartnikas,et al.  Synthesis Reactions Involving XLPE Subjected to aartial Discharges , 1987, IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation.

[2]  Davide Fabiani,et al.  The effect of voltage distortion on ageing acceleration of insulation systems under partial discharge activity , 2001 .

[3]  R. Schifani,et al.  Investigation of temperature effect on an epoxy resin: Aging due to partial discharges , 2000 .

[4]  J. Tanaka,et al.  A Study of the Gaseous Degradation Products of Corona-Exposed Polyethylene , 1982, IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation.

[5]  Yi-bing Cheng,et al.  Layered Silicate Nanocomposites Based on Various High-Functionality Epoxy Resins: The Influence of Cure Temperature on Morphology, Mechanical Properties, and Free Volume , 2003 .

[6]  P. Morshuis,et al.  Partial discharges at DC voltage: their mechanism, detection and analysis , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[7]  R. Bodega,et al.  The effect of voltage frequency on partial discharge activity , 2002, Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.

[8]  G. Montanari,et al.  Polymer nanocomposites as dielectrics and electrical insulation-perspectives for processing technologies, material characterization and future applications , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[9]  Pietro Romano,et al.  On PD mechanisms at high temperature in voids included in an epoxy resin , 2001 .

[10]  J. Devins.  The physics of partial discharges in solid dielectrics , 1984, Conference on Electrical Insulation & Dielectric Phenomena - Annual Report 1984.

[11]  T. Tanaka,et al.  Dielectric nanocomposites with insulating properties , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[12]  S. A. Al-Ghamdi,et al.  Treeing in mechanically prestressed electrical insulation , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[13]  R. Bartnikas,et al.  Effect of physico-chemical degradation of epoxy resin on partial discharge behavior , 1995, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[14]  Massimo Lazzaroni,et al.  PD recurrence in cavities at different energizing methods , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[15]  M. Di Lorenzo del Casale,et al.  A life model for epoxy resins subjected to PD activity at different temperatures , 2000, 2000 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (Cat. No.00CH37132).

[16]  R. Bartnikas,et al.  Surface conductivity of epoxy specimens subjected to partial discharges , 1990, IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation.

[17]  D.A. Nattrass,et al.  Partial discharge. XVII. The early history of partial discharge research , 1993, IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine.

[18]  J. Amouroux,et al.  Transformation of nodules into crystals on polymers submitted to corona discharges with streamers , 1995 .

[19]  A. Cavallini,et al.  A new methodology for the identification of PD in electrical apparatus: properties and applications , 2005, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[20]  G. Stone,et al.  Inverter-fed drives: which motor stators are at risk? , 2000 .

[21]  D. Auckland,et al.  Correlation of mechanical properties with electrical treeing behaviour at elevated temperatures , 1993, Proceedings of IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena - (CEIDP '93).

[22]  P.H.F. Morshuis,et al.  Assessment of dielectric degradation by ultrawide-band PD detection , 1995 .

[23]  John Tanaka,et al.  Degradation Product Analysis for Polymeric Dielectric Materials Exposed to Partial Discharges , 1978, IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation.

[24]  P.H.F. Morshuis,et al.  Transition from streamer to Townsend mechanisms in dielectric voids , 1990 .

[25]  R. Bartnikas,et al.  Modification of XLPE exposed to partial discharges at elevated temperature , 1990 .

[26]  Y. Ohki,et al.  Surface change of polyamide nanocomposite caused by partial discharges , 2003, 2003 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.

[27]  R. Bartnikas,et al.  Surface and gas phase reactions arising with epoxy exposed to partial discharges , 1992, [Proceedings] 1992 Annual Report: Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.

[28]  P.H.F. Morshuis,et al.  The evolution of the discharge mechanism in a dielectric bounded cavity due to surface effects , 1991, [1991] Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials.

[29]  A. C. Gjaerde.  The combined effect of partial discharges and temperature on void surfaces , 1997, IEEE 1997 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena.

[30]  R. Schifani,et al.  Direct interaction between partial discharge and temperature on epoxies: phenomenological life models , 2002 .

[31]  R. Bartnikas,et al.  Analysis of degradation products on epoxy surfaces subjected to pulse and glow type discharges , 1991, 1991 Annual Report. Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena,.

[32]  J. Devins,et al.  The 1984 J. B. Whitehead Memorial Lecture the Physics of Partial Discharges in Solid Dielectrics , 1984, IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation.

[33]  J.T. Holboll,et al.  Partial discharge patterns and surface deterioration in voids in filled and unfilled epoxy , 1992, Conference Record of the 1992 IEEE International Symposium on Electrical Insulation.

[34]  T. Okamoto,et al.  Surface degradation of polyamide nanocomposites caused by partial discharges using IEC (b) electrodes , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation.

[35]  Alun S. Vaughan,et al.  The effect of voltage, temperature and morphology on electrical treeing in polyethylene blends , 2000 .

[36]  N. Shimizu,et al.  Electrical tree initiation , 1998 .

[37]  Katrin Temmen.  Evaluation of surface changes in flat cavities due to ageing by means of phase-angle resolved partial discharge measurement , 2000 .

[38]  Zhang Peihong,et al.  Study on corona-resistance of polyimide-nano inorganic composites , 2003, Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials (Cat. No.03CH37417).

[39]  M. Han,et al.  The correlation between partial discharge characteristics and space charge accumulation under AC voltage , 2000, 2000 Annual Report Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (Cat. No.00CH37132).

[40]  Y. Ohki,et al.  Possible mechanism of superior partial-discharge resistance of polyamide nanocomposites , 2004, The 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2004. LEOS 2004..

[41]  M. Goldman,et al.  Physical and chemical aspects of partial discharges and their effects on materials , 1995 .

[42]  P.H.F. Morshuis.  Time-resolved discharge measurements , 1993 .

[43]  R. Bartnikas,et al.  Chemical and physical degradation effects on epoxy surfaces exposed to partial discharges , 1994, Proceedings of 1994 4th International Conference on Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials (ICPADM).

[44]  Y. Ohki,et al.  Difference in surface degradation due to partial discharges between polyamide nanocomposite and microcomposite [electrical insulation applications] , 2004, The 17th Annual Meeting of the IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society, 2004. LEOS 2004..

[45]  R. Bartnikas,et al.  Spark-to-glow discharge transition due to increased surface conductivity on epoxy resin specimens , 1993 .