Optical MEMS: boom, bust and beyond

Optical telecommunications bandwidth, spurred by the growth of the Internet, experienced unprecedented growth in the late 1990's. The creation of new enterprises was vast and the expansion of established component, system and services companies was also breathtaking. This period of speculative growth was followed in 2001-2004 by one of the most significant market crashes in history. While $20B of venture capital was invested in optical telecom in the last 10 years, the vast majority of that was lost in recent years. With this, many start-up company who experienced unprecedented growth inaugurated with great fanfare at the end of the 20/sup th/ century were unceremoniously shut down at the start of the 21st. As in all speculative bubbles, innovative technologies were born and buried. Nonetheless, new capabilities emerge from the chaos and disruption; one such example is the advent of optical MEMS (MOEMS). Its development was vigorously pursued in both academic and corporate laboratories during the boom and, in the author's view; MOEMS constitutes a powerful and versatile tool set that is an invaluable residual of the last few years. In telecommunications, MOEMS has proven to be the technology of choice for many optical switching and wavelength management applications. Variable optical attenuators (VOA), wavelength blockers (WB), dynamic gain equalizers (DGE), and most recently wavelength selective switches (WSS) are being used in the numerous recent network deployments. Moreover, agile networks of the future will have MOEMS at every node. This presentation will provide an overview of the history of MOEMS in Telecommunications, discuss its byproducts and project the future of the technology.