Simultaneous sorption and desorption of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in acid soils II. Soil ranking and influence of soil characteristics.

In Part I of this paper we reported, for each of 11 acid soils, the rankings of six metals according to their sorption from solutions containing all six, and according to their retention under desorption conditions. Here, we analyse the same data from a different perspective: for each metal, we rank the soils by their capacities to sorb and retain it as reflected by soil/solution distribution coefficients K(d100) measured using starting solutions containing 100mgL(-1) of each metal. We also ranked the soils for overall heavy metal sorption and retention capacities using Kaplan's compound measure K(dSigma), and we investigated the influence of soil characteristics on K(d100) and K(dSigma100) values. Overall capacity for sorption of heavy metals was positively related to HOM, kaolinite and Fe oxides contents, and negatively related to CEC and to vermiculite and haematite contents. Overall capacity for retention of heavy metals was positively related to HOM and kaolinite contents, and negatively related to CEC and vermiculite content. The good correlation between K(dSigma100)(sorption) and the first component extracted in a principal components analysis of K(d100)(sorption) values, and between K(dSigma100)(retention) and the first component extracted in a principal components analysis of K(d100)(retention) values, supports the adequacy of K(dSigma) as a measure of the overall capacity of a soil to sorb or retain heavy metals.

[1]  M. L. Andrade,et al.  Competitive sorption and desorption of heavy metals by individual soil components. , 2007, Journal of hazardous materials.

[2]  L. Madrid,et al.  Influence of carbonate on the reaction of heavy metals in soils , 1992 .

[3]  A. Walkley,et al.  AN EXAMINATION OF THE DEGTJAREFF METHOD FOR DETERMINING SOIL ORGANIC MATTER, AND A PROPOSED MODIFICATION OF THE CHROMIC ACID TITRATION METHOD , 1934 .

[4]  H. Bradl.  Adsorption of heavy metal ions on soils and soils constituents. , 2004, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[5]  David G. Kinniburgh,et al.  ION BINDING TO NATURAL ORGANIC MATTER : COMPETITION, HETEROGENEITY, STOICHIOMETRY AND THERMODYNAMIC CONSISTENCY , 1999 .

[6]  M. Vidal,et al.  Effect of the cationic composition of sorption solution on the quantification of sorption-desorption parameters of heavy metals in soils. , 2006, Environmental pollution.

[7]  C. Airoldi,et al.  Natural vermiculite as an exchanger support for heavy cations in aqueous solution. , 2005, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[8]  M. Fontes,et al.  Selectivity Sequence and Competitive Adsorption of Heavy Metals by Brazilian Soils , 2001 .

[9]  G. Brindley,et al.  Crystal Structures of Clay Minerals and their X-ray Identification , 1982 .

[10]  D. J. Greenland,et al.  The Chemistry of soil processes , 1981 .

[11]  M. L. Andrade,et al.  Simultaneous adsorption of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn by different soils , 2004 .

[12]  B. J. Alloway,et al.  Heavy metals in soils , 1990 .

[13]  C. Thom,et al.  NOTES ON THE ASSOCIATION OF MICROÖRGANISMS AND ROOTS , 1932 .

[14]  G. Greenhouse.  The evaluation of toxic effects of chemicals in fresh water by using frog embryos and larvae , 1976 .

[15]  M. L. Andrade,et al.  Competitive sorption and desorption of heavy metals in mine soils: influence of mine soil characteristics. , 2006, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[16]  L. Evans,et al.  Chemistry of metal retention by soils , 1989 .

[17]  N. W. Harvey,et al.  Comparison of Heavy Metal Adsorptions by Thai Kaolin and Ballclay , 2003 .

[18]  B. H. Sheldrick,et al.  A COMPARISON OF EXTRACTABLE Fe AND Al DATA USING METHODS FOLLOWED IN THE U.S.A. AND CANADA , 1975 .

[19]  William H. Hendershot,et al.  Adsorption of Free Lead (Pb2+) by Pedogenic Oxides, Ferrihydrite, and Leaf Compost , 2000 .

[20]  D. Adriano.  Trace elements in terrestrial environments , 2001 .

[21]  K. H. Tan.  Principles of soil chemistry , 1993 .

[22]  W. Pickering,et al.  THE SORPTION OF LEAD AND CADMIUM SPECIES BY CLAY MINERALS , 1977 .

[23]  A. Matos,et al.  Competitive adsorption of zinc, cadmium, copper, and lead in three highly‐weathered Brazilian soils , 2000 .

[24]  D. I. Kaplan,et al.  Geochemical factors affecting radionuclide transport through near and far fields at a Low-Level Waste Disposal Site , 1995 .

[25]  F. J. Stevenson.  HUmus Chemistry Genesis, Composition, Reactions , 1982 .

[26]  Susmita Gupta,et al.  Adsorption of Ni(II) on clays. , 2006, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[27]  G. Sposito.  The Chemistry of Soils , 2008 .

[28]  M. Sanchez-Martin,et al.  Adsorption and mobility of cadmium in natural, uncultivated soils , 1993 .

[29]  R. Mckenzie.  The adsorption of lead and other heavy metals on oxides of manganese and iron , 1980 .

[30]  Steve P. McGrath,et al.  Chromium and nickel , 1990 .

[31]  D. Sparks.  Environmental Soil Chemistry , 1995 .

[32]  G. Gee,et al.  Particle-size Analysis , 2018, SSSA Book Series.

[33]  A. Pekdeger,et al.  Organo-Metal Complexes as Mobility-Determining Factors of Inorganic Toxic Elements in Porous Media , 1989 .

[34]  M. Benedetti,et al.  Lead and Calcium Binding to Fulvic Acids: Salt Effect and Competition , 1999 .

[35]  X. Shan,et al.  Effects of low-molecular-weight organic acids and residence time on desorption of Cu, Cd, and Pb from soils. , 2004, Chemosphere.

[36]  D. Kinniburgh,et al.  Adsorption of alkaline earth transition and heavy metal cations by hydrous oxide gels of iron and aluminum , 1976 .

[37]  B. Bar-yosef,et al.  Inorganic Contaminants in the Vadose Zone , 1989, Ecological Studies.

[38]  W. Lindsay,et al.  Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper , 1978 .

[39]  Antonio Lanzirotti,et al.  Soil Manganese Oxides and Trace Metals , 2005 .

[40]  W. J. Walker,et al.  Simultaneous sorption of Cd, Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, and Cr on soils treated with sewage sludge supernatant , 1997 .

[41]  Flora A. Vega,et al.  Relationships between heavy metals content and soil properties in minesoils , 2004 .

[42]  K. Sakurai,et al.  Simultaneous adsorption of cadmium, zinc, and lead on hydroxyaluminum- and hydroxyaluminosilicate-montmorillonite complexes , 2002 .

[43]  R. Harter.  Adsorption of Copper and Lead by Ap and B2 Horizons of Several Northeastern United States Soils1 , 1979 .

[44]  A. Kabata-Pendias.  Trace elements in soils and plants , 1984 .

[45]  P. C. Gomes,et al.  Simultaneous competitive adsorption of heavy metals by the mineral matrix of tropical soils , 2003 .

[46]  M. Schnitzer.  Reactions between Fulvic Acid, a Soil Humic Compound and Inorganic Soil Constituents1 , 1969 .

[47]  J. G. Williams,et al.  The adsorption of copper by soil samples from scotland at low equilibrium solution concentrations , 1983 .

[48]  W. R. Berti,et al.  Chemistry and Phytotoxicity of Soil Trace Elements from Repeated Sewage Sludge Applications , 1996 .

[49]  T. H. Christensen,et al.  Distribution coefficients of Cd, Co, Ni, and Zn in soils , 1988 .

[50]  E. Covelo,et al.  Competitive Adsorption and Desorption of Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc by Humic Umbrisols , 2004 .

[51]  S. Dunn,et al.  Distribution coefficients for nickel and zinc in soils , 1986 .

[52]  J. Dixon,et al.  Minerals in soil environments , 1990 .

[53]  K. Sakurai,et al.  Desorption Behavior of Cd, Zn and Pb Sorbed on Hydroxyaluminum- and Hydroxyaluminosilicate-Montmorillonite Complexes , 2003 .

[54]  William H. Hendershot,et al.  A simple barium chloride method for determining cation exchange capacity and exchangeable cations , 1986 .

[55]  Dionisia Sanz del Castillo.  Química del suelo , 2005 .

[56]  Anastasios D. Karathanasis,et al.  Subsurface Migration of Copper and Zinc Mediated by Soil Colloids , 1999 .