Self-enhancement effect and optimal switching scheme for high fixed diffraction efficiency in LiNbO3:Ce:Cu crystals

Self-enhancement effect and oscillatory characteristic of diffraction are observed during the holographic recording in LiNbO3:Ce:Cu crystal. Both phenomena are owing to the dynamic diffraction characteristics of photorefractive volume holograms or gratings. On the basis of the experimental results and the above concept, two methods, i.e., the self-enhancement effect and the optimal switching from the recording step to the fixing step, are correspondingly suggested for the production of persistent holograms with high fixed diffraction. By use of our recently presented time-space dynamic theory of two-center holographic recording, the experimental results are theoretically analyzed and numerically simulated. The simulations are in good agreement with the experimental results. It is shown that the self-enhancement in both steps of recording and fixing can obviously enhance the recorded and fixed hologram and thus the nonvolatile diffraction efficiency. And it is also indicated that switching after the first diffraction maximum leads theoretically to fixed diffraction of as much as 100% with a suitable switching time. This optimal switching provides a completely new method to obtain high persistent diffraction of the nonvolatile holographic storage in doubly doped LiNbO3 crystals.

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