Assessment of Risk Factors and Biomarkers Associated With Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Women Consuming a Mediterranean Diet

Key Points Question Is the Mediterranean diet (MED) associated with lower risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in a US population, and, if so, what are the underlying mechanisms? Findings In this cohort study of 25 994 US women, higher baseline MED intake was associated with up to 28% relative risk reduction in CVD events. For the MED-CVD risk reduction, biomarkers of inflammation, glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, and adiposity contributed most to explaining the association. Meaning Higher MED intake was associated with approximately one-fourth relative risk reduction in CVD, which could be explained in part by known risk factors, both traditionally measured and novel ones.

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