Pricing-Based Decentralized Balancing Control for Charging Stations

As the number of electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing, a balancing control is needed to decrease the charging delay for EV users and increase the overall number of charged EVs for a charging station (CS) service provider. This paper suggests the local pricing-based decentralized balancing control algorithm to balance the power demand and the number of EVs at each CS. The CSs choose the charging costs according to the power demand, and the probability of sending beacon message is controlled according to the queued ratio. When receiving the beacon messages, each EV chooses the CS with the lowest cost. Simulation results showed that the suggested algorithm could balance the parked pad ratio and the charging power ratio of multiple CSs. Furthermore, the number of completely charged EVs was increased and the quality of service was also increased due to the reduction of charging delay. In conclusion, the suggested algorithm can improve the overall performance at the local area from the perspective of both charging service provider and EV users.