Detecting sensitive areas in confined shallow basins

Abstract Coastal shallow basins are often heavily anthropized and greatly exposed to environmental risk areas, thus requiring strict monitoring action by local authorities and stakeholders. Preventive measures against environmental degradation and early warning to hazards have been proved to benefit from the combined use of numerical models and field measurements. The present work sets out to show the potential of a meteorological-hydrodynamic model system, validated with field data, to identify the main physical processes characterizing a semi-enclosed basin located in the inner part of the Ionian Sea, in southern Italy. Furthermore, based on the model results, we adopted some convenient indicators, especially related to flow exchanges, in order to identify and characterize the area in the basin most sensitive to environmental problems. The results highlight the retentive feature of the inner part of the basin and different times necessary for the water renewal in both the surface and bottom layers.

[1]  Renata Archetti,et al.  High-resolution wave and hydrodynamics modelling in coastal areas:operational applications for coastal planning, decision support andassessment , 2016 .

[2]  A. Cucco,et al.  Modeling the Venice Lagoon residence time , 2006 .

[3]  Giorgio Alabiso,et al.  Estuarine circulation in the Taranto Seas , 2015, Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

[4]  Christophe Geuzaine,et al.  Gmsh: A 3‐D finite element mesh generator with built‐in pre‐ and post‐processing facilities , 2009 .

[5]  S. Argentini,et al.  Local Circulation Diurnal Patterns and Their Relationship with Large-Scale Flows in a Coastal Area of the Tyrrhenian Sea , 2011 .

[6]  M. Mossa,et al.  Monitoring System in Mar Grande Basin (Ionian Sea) , 2018, 2018 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for the Sea; Learning to Measure Sea Health Parameters (MetroSea).

[7]  H. Takeoka.  Fundamental concepts of exchange and transport time scales in a coastal sea , 1984 .

[8]  J. Perthuisot,et al.  Paralic ecosystems. Biological organization and functionning , 1992 .

[9]  Renata Archetti,et al.  A coupled wave–3-D hydrodynamics model of the Taranto Sea (Italy): amultiple-nesting approach , 2016 .

[10]  Maria Adamo,et al.  Quantitative characterization of marine oil slick by satellite near-infrared imagery and oil drift modelling: the Fun Shai Hai case study , 2013 .

[11]  Elvira Armenio,et al.  Monitoring Systems and Numerical Models to Study Coastal Sites † , 2019, Sensors.

[12]  Georg Umgiesser,et al.  A finite element model for the Venice Lagoon. Development, set up, calibration and validation , 2004 .

[13]  P. Monti,et al.  An alternative wind profile formulation for urban areas in neutral conditions , 2015, Environmental Fluid Mechanics.

[14]  P. Zannetti.  Air Pollution Modeling: "Theories, Computational Methods And Available Software" , 2013 .

[15]  Numerical Investigation of Wave Fields and Currents in a Coastal Engineering Case Study , 2018 .

[16]  J. V. D. Kreeke,et al.  Residence Time: Application to Small Boat Basins , 1983 .

[17]  Elvira Armenio,et al.  Investigation of the current circulation offshore Taranto by using field measurements and numerical model , 2017, 2017 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC).

[18]  B. Kjerfve,et al.  Geographic and hydrodynamic characteristics of shallow coastal lagoons , 1989 .

[19]  Alessandro Grandi,et al.  Multi-nest high-resolution model of submesoscale circulation features in the Gulf of Taranto , 2017, Ocean Dynamics.

[20]  Gary B. Brassington,et al.  APPLICATIONS OF GODAE OCEAN CURRENT FORECASTS TO SEARCH AND RESCUE AND SHIP ROUTING , 2009 .

[21]  V. Drozdowska,et al.  Effect of drag coefficient formula choice on wind stress climatology in the North Atlantic and the European Arctic , 2018, Oceanologia.

[22]  Gianni Tinarelli,et al.  Application of a Lagrangian particle model to assess the impact of harbour, industrial and urban activities on air quality in the Taranto area, Italy , 2007 .

[23]  R. Onken,et al.  Scientific management of Mediterranean coastal zone: a hybrid ocean forecasting system for oil spill and search and rescue operations. , 2006, Marine pollution bulletin.

[24]  A. Cucco,et al.  Changes in Venice Lagoon dynamics due to construction of mobile barriers , 2010 .

[25]  Bert Bolin,et al.  A note on the concepts of age distribution and transit time in natural reservoirs , 1973 .

[26]  Hans Burchard,et al.  On the performance of a mixed‐layer model based on the κ‐ε turbulence closure , 1995 .

[27]  Debora Bellafiore,et al.  Comparative hydrodynamics of 10 Mediterranean lagoons by means of numerical modeling , 2014 .

[28]  W. Boicourt,et al.  Model for Estimating Tidal Flushing of Small Embayments , 1992 .

[29]  J. Zimmerman,et al.  Some principles of mixing in tidal lagoons , 1982 .

[30]  Maria Adamo,et al.  Synergistic use of an oil drift model and remote sensing observations for oil spill monitoring , 2017, Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

[31]  M. Mossa,et al.  An approach for data-driven characterization of tide and current fluxes in coastal basins , 2016 .

[32]  G. Umgiesser,et al.  Hydrodynamic coastal processes in the North Adriatic investigated with a 3D finite element model , 2010 .

[33]  M. Toffolon,et al.  Wind variability and Earth’s rotation as drivers of transport in a deep, elongated subalpine lake: The case of Lake Garda , 2018, Journal of Limnology.

[34]  Michele Mossa,et al.  Meteo and Hydrodynamic Measurements to Detect Physical Processes in Confined Shallow Seas , 2018, Sensors.

[35]  C. Annicchiarico,et al.  The Mar Piccolo of Taranto: an interesting marine ecosystem for the environmental problems studies , 2016, Environmental Science and Pollution Research.

[36]  D. Luketina.  Simple Tidal Prism Models Revisited , 1998 .

[37]  M. Ghezzo,et al.  Connectivity in Three European Coastal Lagoons , 2015, Estuaries and Coasts.

[38]  Georg Umgiesser,et al.  Eulerian and lagrangian transport time scales of a tidal active coastal basin , 2009 .

[39]  The Trapping Index: How to integrate the Eulerian and the Lagrangian approach for the computation of the transport time scales of semi-enclosed basins. , 2015, Marine pollution bulletin.

[40]  Michele Mossa,et al.  Assessment of hydrodynamics, biochemical parameters and eddy diffusivity in a semi-enclosed Ionian basin , 2016 .

[41]  A. Cucco,et al.  Toward homogenization of Mediterranean lagoons and their loss of hydrodiversity , 2014 .

[42]  P. Monti,et al.  A modeling approach to identify the effective forcing exerted by wind on a prealpine lake surrounded by a complex topography , 2017 .