The Development of Schooling Behavior in Fishes

made on the first approaches and responses of fry to one another and on the subsequent events which led to schooling orientation. As these patterns were revealed and as they were incorporated in the animal's behavioral repertoire, it was possible to evaluate the extent of their flexibility and rigidity, particularly when the fish were reared under varied environmental conditions or when early experience with different situations was restricted or enriched. By observing all these aspects of development, a clearer understanding of the specific factors of attraction and orientation which result in continuous schooling was obtained.