A Theoretical Study on the Orientation Problem in Linear Wireless Sensor Networks

A theoretical approach of acquiring arrival angles of signals sensed by sensor nodes in linear wireless sensor networks is introduced. The arrival angles of signals can be obtained by the estimation of signal covariance matrices. In this article, firstly, the existence of the solution to the estimation problem is studied intensively. Later on, the solution to this problem of estimating real-valued covariance matrices is discussed by the approach of maximum-likelihood estimation. Finally, this approach is expanded to the realm of complex-valued covariance matrices.

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