Particle deposition and resuspension in gas-cooled reactors—Activity overview of the two European research projects THINS and ARCHER

The deposition and resuspension behaviour of radio-contaminated aerosol particles is a key issue for the safety assessment of depressurization accidents of gas-cooled high temperature reactors. Within the framework of two European research projects, namely Thermal Hydraulics of Innovative Nuclear Systems (THINS) and Advanced High-Temperature Reactors for Cogeneration of Heat and Electricity R&D (ARCHER), a series of investigations was performed to investigate the transport, the deposition and the resuspension of aerosol particles in turbulent flows. The experimental and numerical tests can be subdivided into four different parts: (1) Monolayer particle deposition, (2) Monolayer particle resuspension, (3) Multilayer particle deposition and (4) Multilayer particle resuspension. The experimental results provide a new insight into the formation and removal of aerosol particle deposits in turbulent flows and are used for the development and validation of numerical procedures in gas-cooled reactors. Good agreement was found between the numerical and the experimental results.

[1]  M. M. Stempniewicz,et al.  Analysis of dust and fission products in a pebble bed NGNP , 2012 .

[2]  A. B. Hedley,et al.  particle deposition behaviour from turbulent flows , 1984 .

[3]  Gennady Ziskind,et al.  Resuspension of particulates from surfaces to turbulent flows : review and analysis , 1995 .

[4]  Benjamin Y. H. Liu,et al.  Experimental observation of aerosol deposition in turbulent flow , 1974 .

[5]  Xinyu Zhang,et al.  Particle Adhesion and Detachment in Turbulent Flows Including Capillary Forces , 2007 .

[6]  A. Ibrahim,et al.  Experiments and validation of a model for microparticle detachment from a surface by turbulent air flow , 2008 .

[7]  P Pasanen,et al.  The effect of cleanliness control during installation work on the amount of accumulated dust in ducts of new HVAC installations. , 2002, Indoor air.

[8]  Uwe Hampel,et al.  Particle deposition study in a horizontal turbulent duct flow using optical microscopy and particle size spectrometry , 2013 .

[9]  F. Reitsma,et al.  PBMR radionuclide source term analysis validation based on AVR operating experience , 2010 .

[10]  R. Shaw,et al.  Particle resuspension in a turbulent boundary layer-observed and modeled , 1990 .

[11]  C. Chao,et al.  Particle Resuspension in a Wall-Bounded Turbulent Flow , 2013 .

[12]  D. Kaftori,et al.  Particle behavior in the turbulent boundary layer. I. Motion, deposition, and entrainment , 1995 .

[13]  H. Allelein,et al.  Simulated accident testing of a fuel element from the HFR-EU1bis irradiation campaign , 2014 .

[14]  A. Ferro,et al.  Wind tunnel study and numerical simulation of dust particle resuspension from indoor surfaces in turbulent flows , 2013 .

[15]  Gennady Ziskind,et al.  Adhesion moment model for estimating particle detachment from a surface , 1997 .

[16]  Werner Von Lensa,et al.  Decontamination of nuclear graphite , 2008 .

[17]  F. Zhang,et al.  Particle resuspension in turbulent boundary layers and the influence of non-Gaussian removal forces , 2012 .

[18]  Goodarz Ahmadi,et al.  Experimental investigation of dust particle deposition in a turbulent channel flow , 1993 .

[19]  J. Young,et al.  The deposition of small particles from a turbulent air flow in a curved duct , 2012 .

[20]  U. Hampel,et al.  Experimental investigation of multilayer particle deposition and resuspension between periodic steps in turbulent flows , 2013 .

[21]  Goodarz Ahmadi,et al.  On the Sublayer Model for Turbulent Deposition of Aerosol Particles in the Presence of Gravity and Electric Fields , 1994 .

[22]  R. Brach,et al.  Microparticle detachment from surfaces exposed to turbulent air flow: controlled experiments and modeling , 2003 .

[23]  B. Yates,et al.  Mechanism of detachment of colloidal particles from a flat substrate in a turbulent flow , 1973 .

[24]  U. Hampel,et al.  Positron emission tomography in pebble beds. Part 2: Graphite particle deposition and resuspension , 2014 .

[25]  A. Ougouag,et al.  Computational and experimental prediction of dust production in pebble bed reactors, Part II , 2013 .

[26]  U. Hampel,et al.  Positron emission tomography in pebble beds. Part 1: Liquid particle deposition , 2014 .

[27]  A. Lai,et al.  Measured deposition of aerosol particles on a two-dimensional ribbed surface in a turbulent duct flow , 1999 .

[28]  U. Hampel,et al.  Three-dimensional simulation of multilayer particle deposition in an obstructed channel flow , 2014 .

[29]  G. Ziskind.  PARTICLE RESUSPENSION FROM SURFACES: REVISITED AND RE-EVALUATED , 2006 .

[30]  M. W. Reeks,et al.  Kinetic models for particle resuspension in turbulent flows: theory and measurement , 2001 .

[31]  A. Dehbi.  Turbulent particle dispersion in arbitrary wall-bounded geometries : A coupled CFD-Langevin-equation based approach , 2008 .

[32]  N. B. Wood.  A simple method for the calculation of turbulent deposition to smooth and rough surfaces , 1981 .

[33]  William W. Nazaroff,et al.  Experiments Measuring Particle Deposition from Fully Developed Turbulent Flow in Ventilation Ducts , 2004 .

[34]  Goodarz Ahmadi,et al.  Direct simulation of charged particle deposition in a turbulent flow , 1998 .

[35]  A. Ferro,et al.  Monte Carlo simulation of micron size spherical particle removal and resuspension from substrate under fluid flows , 2013 .

[36]  G. Yadigaroglu,et al.  Modelling of the resuspension of particle clusters from multilayer aerosol deposits with variable porosity , 2002 .

[37]  Uwe Hampel,et al.  Numerical simulation of multilayer deposition in an obstructed channel flow , 2014 .

[38]  Goodarz Ahmadi,et al.  Human induced flow field and resultant particle resuspension and transport during gait cycle , 2014 .

[39]  J. Minier,et al.  A new model for the simulation of particle resuspension by turbulent flows based on a stochastic description of wall roughness and adhesion forces , 2008 .

[40]  Bin Zhao,et al.  An experimental study on short-time particle resuspension from inner surfaces of straight ventilation ducts , 2012 .

[41]  B. V. Derjaguin,et al.  Effect of contact deformations on the adhesion of particles , 1975 .

[42]  G. Ahmadi,et al.  Particle deposition in turbulent duct flows—comparisons of different model predictions , 2007 .

[43]  E. Hontañón,et al.  THE CÆSAR CODE FOR AEROSOL RESUSPENSION IN TURBULENT PIPE FLOWS. ASSESSMENT AGAINST THE STORM EXPERIMENTS , 2000 .

[44]  Yanbin Jiang,et al.  Characterizing the effect of substrate surface roughness on particle-wall interaction with the airflow method , 2008 .

[45]  C. Grisolia,et al.  Micro-particles in ITER: A comprehensive review , 2009 .

[46]  H. Gottaut,et al.  Results of experiments at the AVR reactor , 1990 .

[47]  M. Reeks,et al.  On the resuspension of small particles by a turbulent flow , 1988 .

[48]  G. Ahmadi,et al.  Aerosol particle transport and deposition in vertical and horizontal turbulent duct flows , 2000, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[49]  Sanjoy Banerjee,et al.  Particle behavior in the turbulent boundary layer. II. Velocity and distribution profiles , 1995 .

[50]  P. Delaporte,et al.  Dust in ITER: Diagnostics and removal techniques , 2009 .

[51]  Gennady Ziskind,et al.  Kinetic Model of Particle Resuspension By Drag Force , 1997 .

[52]  Atila Novoselac,et al.  Monolayer and Multilayer Particle Deposits on Hard Surfaces: Literature Review and Implications for Particle Resuspension in the Indoor Environment , 2013 .

[53]  K. Kendall,et al.  Surface energy and the contact of elastic solids , 1971, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

[54]  D. Kaftori,et al.  Funnel‐shaped vortical structures in wall turbulence , 1994 .

[55]  Uwe Hampel,et al.  Influence of the Lagrangian Integral Time Scale Estimation in the Near Wall Region on Particle Deposition , 2012 .

[56]  K. Kugeler,et al.  Aerosol formation by graphite corrosion in case of water and air ingress to the core of a High-Temperature Reactor , 1992 .

[57]  Uwe Hampel,et al.  Single particle resuspension experiments in turbulent channel flows , 2014 .

[58]  G. Ahmadi,et al.  Particle Deposition with Thermophoresis in Laminar and Turbulent Duct Flows , 1998 .