Water-soluble silica-coated ZnS : Mn nanoparticles as fluorescent sensors for the detection of ultratrace copper(II) ions in seawater

Quantum dots (QDs), semiconductor particles with all three dimensions confined to the nanometer length scale, are good choices for the detection of heavy metals in aqueous media. In this study, silica-coated ZnS : Mn nanoparticles (ZnS : Mn/SiO2) were synthesized by coating hydrophobic ZnS : Mn nanoparticles with silica shells through a microemulsion method. The ZnS : Mn/SiO2 QDs exhibited satisfying dispersibility and luminescence properties in seawater. After a series of experiments were conducted in real seawater, the ZnS : Mn/SiO2 QDs were proven to be sensitive and selective for Cu2+ detection. The quenching of the fluorescence of the QDs with the addition of Cu2+ is well described by the Stern–Volmer pattern. The detection of Cu2+ concentrations in seawater can be achieved over a linear range from 8.16 × 10−8 to 4.96 × 10−4 mol L−1. Studies show that ZnS : Mn/SiO2 QDs have great potential to be used as sensors for Cu2+ analysis from low to high concentrations in seawater.

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