Heterogeneous Kinetics of Coal Char Gasification and Combustion

[1]  Meyer Steinberg,et al.  A diffusion cell method for studying heterogeneous kinetics in the chemical reaction/diffusion controlled region. Kinetics of C + CO2 → 2CO at 1200-1600 °C , 1977 .

[2]  Basic principles of underground coal gasification , 1976 .

[3]  Ralph J. Tyler,et al.  Internal burning of pulverized semi-anthracite: the relation between particle structure and reactivity , 1972 .

[4]  D. McCarthy,et al.  The carbon-hydrogen reaction with cokes and chars , 1967 .

[5]  Jd Blackwood,et al.  The reaction of Carbon with Hydrogen at High Pressure , 1959 .

[6]  X. Duval,et al.  Effet des catalyseurs sur les caracteristiques cinetiques de la combustion du graphite , 1966 .

[7]  M. Field,et al.  Rate of combustion of size-graded fractions of char from a low-rank coal between 1 200°K and 2 000°K , 1969 .

[8]  H. Hottel,et al.  Combustion rate of carbon: Combustion of spheres in flowing gas streams , 1934 .

[9]  T. Siemieniewska,et al.  Development of porosity in brown-coal chars on activation with carbon dioxide , 1976 .

[10]  E. T. Turkdogan,et al.  Kinetics of oxidation of graphite and charcoal in carbon dioxide , 1969 .

[11]  D. E. Rosner,et al.  High temperature oxidation of carbon by atomic oxygen , 1965 .

[12]  A. Jankowska,et al.  Activation of brown-coal chars with oxygen , 1977 .

[13]  Jd Blackwood,et al.  The Reaction of Carbon with Carbon Dioxide at High Pressure , 1960 .

[14]  P. Magnier,et al.  Contribution a l'etude de l'oxydation du carbone , 1963 .

[15]  A. Jankowska,et al.  Formation of porous structures in activated brown-coal chars using O2, CO2 and H2O as activating agents , 1977 .

[16]  Sabri Ergun,et al.  Kinetics of the Reactions of Carbon Dioxide and Steam with Coke , 1962 .

[17]  R. Franklin A study of the fine structure of carbonaceous solids by measurements of true and apparent densities. Part II.—carbonized coals , 1949 .

[18]  Jd Blackwood,et al.  The carbon-steam reaction at high pressure , 1958 .

[19]  P. Walker,et al.  A study of carbon-oxygen surface complexes using O18 as a tracer , 1964 .

[20]  R. E. Cunningham,et al.  Criterion of applicability of the moving boundary model , 1970 .

[21]  J. Szekely,et al.  A structural model for gas solid reactions with a moving boundary—VI: The effect of grain size distribution on the conversion of porous solids , 1975 .

[22]  C. Y. Wen,et al.  Oxidation of carbon in porous solids , 1970 .

[23]  N. Amundson,et al.  Diffusion and Reaction in a Stagnant Boundary Layer about a Carbon Particle , 1977 .

[24]  J. Johnson Kinetics of bituminous coal char gasification with gases containing steam and hydrogen , 1976 .

[25]  R. H. Essenhigh,et al.  Problems in pulverized coal and char combustion , 1976 .

[26]  C. S. Yust,et al.  Transmission electron microscope observations of porosity in coal , 1976 .

[27]  C. Wen,et al.  Reactivity of Coal and Char. 2. In Oxygen-Nitrogen Atmosphere , 1977 .

[28]  Jack B. Howard,et al.  Coal devolatilization and hydrogastification , 1976 .

[29]  James W. Evans,et al.  A structural model for gas—solid reactions with a moving boundary , 1970 .

[30]  Philip L. Walker,et al.  Nature of the porosity in American coals , 1972 .

[31]  J. Medek Possibility of micropore analysis of coal and coke from the carbon dioxide isotherm , 1977 .

[32]  P. N. Walsh,et al.  Kinetics of the Oxygen—Tungsten Reaction at High Temperatures , 1967 .

[33]  Y. Toda A study by density measurement of changes in pore structures of coals with heat treatment: Part 2. Micropore structure , 1973 .

[34]  J. Smith,et al.  Effectiveness factors for porous catalysts , 1961 .

[35]  K. Bischoff An extension of the general criterion for importance of pore diffusion with chemical reactions , 1967 .

[36]  P. Walker,et al.  Catalysis of char gasification by minerals , 1977 .

[37]  H. Eyring,et al.  Kinetics of Graphite Oxidation , 1957 .

[38]  Effects of Different Structures of Porous Solids on Diffusion of Gases in the Transition Region , 1968 .

[39]  J. Thornton,et al.  Prediction of the effectiveness factor and selectivity for highly exothermic reactions , 1970 .

[40]  I. W. Smith,et al.  The Reactivity of a Porous Brown Coal Char to Oxygen between 630 and 1812° K , 1974 .

[41]  J. M. Smith,et al.  Diffusion and Reaction in Porous Catalysts , 1964 .

[42]  F. Saleeb,et al.  The effect of thermal treatment on the surface area of coal , 1968 .

[43]  C. Y. Wen,et al.  Reactivity of Coal and Char. 1. In Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere , 1977 .

[44]  L. Overholser,et al.  Oxidation of ATJ graphite by low concentrations of water vapor and carbon dioxide in helium , 1965 .

[45]  C. Y. Wen,et al.  NONCATALYTIC HETEROGENEOUS SOLID-FLUID REACTION MODELS , 1968 .

[46]  O. Levenspiel Chemical Reaction Engineering , 1972 .

[47]  P. Walker,et al.  Kinetic studies of the oxidation of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite , 1972 .

[48]  P. Walker,et al.  THE IMPORTANCE OF ACTIVE SURFACE AREA IN THE CARBON-OXYGEN REACTION1,2 , 1963 .

[49]  Charles N. Satterfield,et al.  Mass transfer in heterogeneous catalysis , 1969 .

[50]  R. Essenhigh The Influence of Coal Rank on the Burning Times of Single Captive Particles , 1963 .

[51]  J. M. Smith,et al.  Diffusional Effects in Gas-Solid Reactions , 1965 .

[52]  W. Wynne-Jones,et al.  Oxidation of carbons and graphites by atomic oxygen kinetic studies , 1965 .

[53]  J. Howard,et al.  COMBUSTION BEHAVIOR OF SMALL PARTICLES , 1965 .

[54]  P. Walker,et al.  Factors affecting the product ratio of the carbon-oxygen reaction—II. Reaction temperature , 1970 .

[55]  I. Smith,et al.  Kinetics of combustion of a pulverized brown coal char between 630 and 2200°K , 1973 .

[56]  P. Walker,et al.  Carbon-carbon dioxide reaction: Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics at intermediate pressures , 1976 .

[57]  H. C. Hottel,et al.  Combustion Rate of Carbon Study of Gas-Film Structure by Microsampling , 1936 .

[58]  E. W. Thiele Relation between Catalytic Activity and Size of Particle , 1939 .

[59]  E. T. Turkdogan,et al.  Effect of carbon monoxide on the rate of oxidation of charcoal, graphite and coke in carbon dioxide , 1970 .

[60]  E. T. Turkdogan,et al.  Incomplete pore diffusion effect on internal burning of carbon , 1970 .

[61]  Edward D. Thimons,et al.  Diffusion of methane through coal , 1973 .

[62]  D. E. Rosner High-Temperature Gas-Solid Reactions , 1972 .

[63]  J. Smith,et al.  Diffusion in catalyst pellets , 1962 .

[64]  D. Spalding Some Fundamentals of Combustion , 1955 .

[65]  P. Walker,et al.  Reactivity of heat-treated coals in air at 500 °C , 1973 .

[66]  E. A. Gulbransen,et al.  Reactions of Artificial Graphite-Kinetics of Oxidation of Artificial Graphite at Temperatures of 425° to 575° C. and Pressures of 0.15 to 9.8 Cm. of Mercury of Oxygen , 1952 .

[67]  Hong Yong Sohn,et al.  A structural model for gas-solid reactions with a moving boundary—III: A general dimensionless representation of the irreversible reaction between a porous solid and a reactant gas , 1972 .

[68]  C. Satterfield,et al.  Effectiveness Factor for Porous Catalysts. Langmuir-Hinshelwood Kinetic Expressions , 1965 .

[69]  E. Gorin,et al.  Kinetics of Carbon Gasification - Interaction of Hydrogen with Low Temperature Char at 1500° to 1700° F. , 1955 .

[70]  J. M. Thomas,et al.  Introduction to the principles of heterogeneous catalysis , 1967 .

[71]  J. Carberry Mass diffusion and isothermal catalytic selectivity , 1962 .

[72]  M. Ishida,et al.  Comparison of kinetic and diffusional models for solid-gas reactions. , 1968 .

[73]  J. P. Appleton,et al.  Shock-tube measurements of soot oxidation rates☆ , 1973 .

[74]  P. Walker,et al.  Reactivity of heat treated coals in steam , 1979 .

[75]  D. Olander,et al.  The rate of oxidation of the basal and prismatic surfaces of pyrolytic graphite in the transition regime between chemical and diffusional control , 1973 .

[76]  H. Gluskoter Mineral Matter and Trace Elements in Coal , 1975 .

[77]  Irl W. Smith,et al.  Measured temperatures of burning pulverized-fuel particles, and the nature of the primary reaction product , 1972 .

[78]  R. W. Taylor,et al.  Rate of reaction of steam and carbon dioxide with chars produced from subbituminous coals , 1976 .

[79]  A. Tomita,et al.  Reactivity of heat-treated coals in hydrogen , 1977 .

[80]  H. F. Johnstone,et al.  Kinetics of the Steam-Carbon Reaction in Porous Graphite Tubes , 1952 .

[81]  P. Walker,et al.  THE ROLE OF THE SURFACE COMPLEX IN THE CARBON–OXYGEN REACTION*† , 1963 .

[82]  Y. Grillet,et al.  Influence de la chimisorption d'oxygene sur la determination de l'oxyreactivite des combustibles solides-i. etude d'un semi-coke de lignite prepare a 550°c , 1970 .

[83]  G. Wurzbacher,et al.  Konzentrationsprofile vor einer im sauerstoff-strom verbrennenden kohlenstoffoberfläche—I. Experimentelle ergebnisse , 1962 .

[84]  F. McTaggart,et al.  Reactions of carbon with atomic gases , 1959 .

[85]  P. Walker,et al.  Reactivity of heat-treated coals in carbon dioxide at 900 °C , 1975 .

[86]  S. Ergun Kinetics of the Reaction of Carbon with Carbon Dioxide , 1956 .

[87]  K. Bischoff Accuracy of the pseudo steady state approximation for moving boundary diffusion problems , 1963 .

[88]  H. Marsh The Surface Areas of Coals as Evaluated from the Adsorption Isotherms of Carbon Dioxide using the Dubinin-Polanyi Equation , 1965 .

[89]  S. J. Gregg,et al.  Adsorption Surface Area and Porosity , 1967 .

[90]  E. V. D. Held I3. The reaction between a surface of solid carbon and oxygen , 1961 .

[91]  I. W. Smith,et al.  The kinetics of combustion of pulverized semi-anthracite in the temperature range 1400–2200°K , 1971 .

[92]  P. Walker,et al.  OXYGEN-18 TRACER STUDIES ON THE CARBON-OXYGEN REACTION , 1967 .

[93]  Irl W. Smith,et al.  Measured and calculated burning histories of large carbon spheres in oxygen , 1973 .

[94]  P. L. Silveston,et al.  Gasification: Part II. Extension to diffusion control , 1973 .

[95]  I. W. Smith,et al.  Kinetics of combustion of size-graded pulverized fuels in the temperature range 1200–2270°K , 1971 .

[96]  P. Walker,et al.  Surface areas of coals from carbon dioxide adsorption at 298°K , 1970 .

[97]  G. L. Tingey,et al.  Coal structure and reactivity , 1973 .

[98]  E. Gorin,et al.  Kinetics of carbon gasification. [Gasification of low-temperature char] , 1957 .

[99]  P. Walker,et al.  Changes in the ultrafine structure of anthracites upon heat treatment , 1964 .

[100]  Geoffrey Beeston KINETICS OF COAL COMBUSTION: THE INFLUENCE OF OXYGEN CONCENTRATION ON THE BURNING-OUT TIMES OF SINGLE PARTICLES , 1963 .

[101]  J. Szekely,et al.  A structural model for gas-solid reactions with a moving boundary-II: The effect of grain size, porosity and temperature on the reaction of porous pellets , 1971 .

[102]  D. McCarthy,et al.  Reactivity in the system carbon-hydrogen-methane , 1967 .

[103]  J. Shaw Theoretical work on reaction sequences in the gasification of coke by carbon dioxide and by steam in conditions remote from equilibrium , 1977 .

[104]  D. A. Frank-Kamenet︠s︡kiĭ Diffusion and heat transfer in chemical kinetics , 1969 .

[105]  E. Petersen Reaction of porous solids , 1957 .

[106]  T. D. Brown,et al.  Inert coal macerals in combustion , 1977 .

[107]  Ralph J. Tyler,et al.  Reactivity of petroleum coke to carbon dioxide between 1030 and 1180 K , 1975 .

[108]  A. Pulsifer,et al.  Kinetics and catalysis of the reaction of coal char and steam , 1976 .

[109]  N. Gardner,et al.  Catalyzed hydrogasification of coal chars. [Thermobalance (0-1000/sup 0/, 0-1000 psi); catalyst (K bicarbonate, K carbonate, and Zn chloride)] , 1973 .

[110]  Arnold E. Reif,et al.  The Mechanism of the Carbon Dioxide–Carbon Reaction , 1952 .

[111]  S. Ergun Flow Experiments in Studying Kinetics , 1955 .

[112]  Philip L. Walker,et al.  Gas Reactions of Carbon , 1975 .

[113]  P. L. Silveston,et al.  Gasification: Part I. Isothermal, kinetic control model for a solid with a pore size distribution , 1973 .

[114]  M. Field,et al.  Measurements of the effect of rank on combustion rates of pulverized coal , 1970 .

[115]  Rutherford Aris,et al.  Communications on the theory of diffusion and reaction—VII The isothermal pth order reaction , 1971 .

[116]  J. R. Arthur Reactions between carbon and oxygen , 1951 .

[117]  P. Walker,et al.  Carbon-carbon dioxide reaction: Kinetics at low pressures and hydrogen inhibition , 1976 .

[118]  Hoyt C. Hottel,et al.  New Energy Technology - Some Facts and Assessments , 1971 .

[119]  Reaction with mole changes in porous catalysts in the molecular, transition, and Knudsen regimes , 1973 .

[120]  W. J. Thomas Effect of oxidation on the pore structure of some graphitized carbon blacks , 1966 .

[121]  I. Smith,et al.  Combustion rate of bituminous coal char in the temperature range 800 to 1700 K , 1973 .

[122]  A. Wheeler Reaction Rates and Selectivity in Catalyst Pores , 1951 .

[123]  J. Blackwood The kinetics of the system carbon-hydrogen-methane , 1962 .

[124]  R. Essenhigh,et al.  Control of Reaction Rate in Dust Flames , 1960, Nature.