Insight into the current Toxoplasma gondii DNA vaccine: a review article

INTRODUCTION Toxoplasma gondii (T.gondii) is a widespread protozoan with significant economic losses and public health importance. But so far, the protective effect of reported DNA-based vaccines fluctuates widely, and no study has demonstrated complete protection. AREAS COVERED This review provides an inclusive summary of T. gondii DNA vaccine antigens, adjuvants, and some other parameters. A total of 140 articles from 2000 to 2021 were collected from five databases. By contrasting the outcomes of acute and chronic challenges, we aimed to investigate and identify viable immunological strategies for optimum protection. Furthermore, we evaluated and discussed the impact of several parameters on challenge outcomes in the hopes of developing some recommendations to assist better future horizontal comparisons among research. EXPERT OPINION In the coming five years of research, the exploration of vaccine cocktails combining invasion antigens and metabolic antigens with genetic adjuvants or novel DNA delivery methods may offer us desirable protection against this multiple stage of life parasite. In addition to finding a better immune strategy, developing better in silico prediction methods, solving problems posed by variables in practical applications, and gaining a more profound knowledge of T.gondii-host molecular interaction is also crucial towards a successful vaccine.

[1]  Amirreza Javadi Mamaghani,et al.  Toxoplasma gondii vaccine candidates: a concise review , 2022, Irish Journal of Medical Science (1971 -).

[2]  R. C. Warner,et al.  REVIEW OF DNA VACCINE APPROACHES AGAINST THE PARASITE TOXOPLASMA GONDII , 2021, The Journal of parasitology.

[3]  F. Ghaffarifar,et al.  Immunogenicity of in-silico designed multi-epitope DNA vaccine encoding SAG1, SAG3 and SAG5 of Toxoplasma gondii adjuvanted with CpG-ODN against acute toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice. , 2021, Acta tropica.

[4]  Hui Sun,et al.  Protective immunity induced by a DNA vaccine cocktail expressing TgSAG1, TgROP2, and the genetic adjuvant HBsAg against Toxoplasma gondii infection. , 2020, Microbial pathogenesis.

[5]  M. Barati,et al.  Enhancing immune responses by a novel multi-epitope ROP8 DNA vaccine plus interleukin-12 plasmid as a genetic adjuvant against acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in BALB/c mice. , 2020, Microbial pathogenesis.

[6]  S. He,et al.  Epitope Analysis and Efficacy Evaluation of Phosphatase 2C (PP2C) DNA Vaccine Against Toxoplasma gondii Infection. , 2020, The Journal of parasitology.

[7]  Yu-Chao Zhu,et al.  Adjuvantic cytokine IL-33 improves the protective immunity of cocktailed DNA vaccine of ROP5 and ROP18 against toxoplasma gondii infection in mice , 2020, Parasite.

[8]  F. Ghaffarifar,et al.  Vaccination with a novel multi-epitope ROP8 DNA vaccine against acute Toxoplasma gondii infection induces strong B and T cell responses in mice. , 2020, Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases.

[9]  Xing-Quan Zhu,et al.  Immune Responses Induced by pVAX/TgERK7 against Toxoplasma gondii Infection in BALB/c Mice , 2019, Iranian journal of parasitology.

[10]  A. Spotin,et al.  Candidate antigenic epitopes for vaccination and diagnosis strategies of Toxoplasma gondii infection: A review. , 2019, Microbial pathogenesis.

[11]  A. Ghadiri,et al.  Evaluation of immunogenicity and protective effect of DNA vaccine encoding surface antigen1 (SAG1) of Toxoplasma gondii and TLR-5 ligand as a genetic adjuvant against acute toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice. , 2019, Biologicals : journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization.

[12]  Xing-Quan Zhu,et al.  Evaluation of immune protection against Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice induced by a multi-antigenic DNA vaccine containing TgGRA24, TgGRA25 and TgMIC6 , 2019, Parasite.

[13]  Xing-Quan Zhu,et al.  Evaluation of protective immunity induced by recombinant calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (TgCDPK1) protein against acute toxoplasmosis in mice. , 2019, Microbial pathogenesis.

[14]  B. Zheng,et al.  The Virulence-Related MYR1 Protein of Toxoplasma gondii as a Novel DNA Vaccine Against Toxoplasmosis in Mice , 2019, Front. Microbiol..

[15]  R. Suppian,et al.  Epitope-based vaccine as a universal vaccination strategy against Toxoplasma gondii infection: A mini-review , 2019, Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research.

[16]  B. Zheng,et al.  GRA24-Based DNA Vaccine Prolongs Survival in Mice Challenged With a Virulent Toxoplasma gondii Strain , 2019, Front. Immunol..

[17]  F. Ghaffarifar,et al.  Rhoptry antigens as Toxoplasma gondii vaccine target , 2019, Clinical and experimental vaccine research.

[18]  Qing Xie,et al.  The Molecular Characterization and Immunity Identification of Rhoptry Protein 22 of Toxoplasma gondii as a DNA Vaccine Candidate Against Toxoplasmosis , 2018, The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology.

[19]  Xing-Quan Zhu,et al.  Protective Efficacy Against Acute and Chronic Toxoplasma gondii Infection Induced by Immunization With the DNA Vaccine TgDOC2C , 2018, Front. Microbiol..

[20]  Lin Wang,et al.  DNA vaccine ROP29 from Toxoplasma gondii containing R848 enhances protective immunity in mice , 2018, Parasite immunology.

[21]  M. Mohammadi,et al.  Characterization of a multi-epitope peptide with selective MHC-binding capabilities encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles as a novel vaccine candidate against Toxoplasma gondii infection. , 2018, Vaccine.

[22]  Xiangrui Li,et al.  Molecular characterization and protective immunity of rhoptry protein 35 (ROP35) of Toxoplasma gondii as a DNA vaccine. , 2018, Veterinary parasitology.

[23]  Young-Ha Lee,et al.  Evaluation of Protective Immune Response Induced by a DNA Vaccine Encoding GRA8 against Acute Toxoplasmosis in a Murine Model , 2018, The Korean journal of parasitology.

[24]  Xing-Quan Zhu,et al.  Immunization with plasmid DNA expressing Heat Shock Protein 40 confers prophylactic protection against chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection in Kunming mice , 2018, Parasite.

[25]  Xing-Quan Zhu,et al.  Immunization With a DNA Vaccine Cocktail Encoding TgPF, TgROP16, TgROP18, TgMIC6, and TgCDPK3 Genes Protects Mice Against Chronic Toxoplasmosis , 2018, Front. Immunol..

[26]  Xing-Quan Zhu,et al.  Immune Responses Induced by HSP60 DNA Vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Kunming Mice , 2018, The Korean journal of parasitology.

[27]  Mingyong Wang,et al.  Immune Protection of Rhoptry Protein 21 (ROP21) of Toxoplasma gondii as a DNA Vaccine Against Toxoplasmosis , 2018, Front. Microbiol..

[28]  Zi-Guo Yuan,et al.  Immuno-efficacy of DNA vaccines encoding PLP1 and ROP18 against experimental Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. , 2018, Experimental parasitology.

[29]  M. Wang,et al.  Immune response and protective effect against chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection induced by vaccination with a DNA vaccine encoding profilin , 2018, BMC Infectious Diseases.

[30]  Guang-Hui Zhao,et al.  Vaccination with a DNA vaccine encoding Toxoplasma gondii ROP54 induces protective immunity against toxoplasmosis in mice. , 2017, Acta tropica.

[31]  Xing-Quan Zhu,et al.  Immune responses and protection after DNA vaccination against Toxoplasma gondii calcium-dependent protein kinase 2 (TgCDPK2) , 2017, Parasite.

[32]  Huai-yu Zhou,et al.  DNA Vaccines Encoding Toxoplasma gondii Cathepsin C 1 Induce Protection against Toxoplasmosis in Mice , 2017, The Korean journal of parasitology.

[33]  P. Song,et al.  SAG5B and SAG5C combined vaccine protects mice against Toxoplasma gondii infection. , 2017, Parasitology international.

[34]  Lin Wang,et al.  SAG4 DNA and Peptide Vaccination Provides Partial Protection against T. gondii Infection in BALB/c Mice , 2017, Front. Microbiol..

[35]  M. Wang,et al.  Resistance to Chronic Toxoplasma gondii Infection Induced by a DNA Vaccine Expressing GRA16 , 2017, BioMed research international.

[36]  D. Yue,et al.  Evaluation of protective immunity induced by DNA vaccination with genes encoding Toxoplasma gondii GRA17 and GRA23 against acute toxoplasmosis in mice. , 2017, Experimental parasitology.

[37]  Huai-yu Zhou,et al.  Immunization with a DNA vaccine encoding Toxoplasma gondii Superoxide dismutase (TgSOD) induces partial immune protection against acute toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice , 2017, BMC Infectious Diseases.

[38]  A. Daryani,et al.  Enhancing immune responses to a DNA vaccine encoding Toxoplasma gondii GRA14 by calcium phosphate nanoparticles as an adjuvant. , 2017, Immunology letters.

[39]  A. Daryani,et al.  Evaluation of the immune response in BALB/c mice induced by a novel DNA vaccine expressing GRA14 against Toxoplasma gondii , 2017, Parasite immunology.

[40]  Y. Lau,et al.  Evaluation of the Protective Effect of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Vaccines Encoding Granule Antigen 2 and 5 Against Acute Toxoplasmosis in BALB/c Mice. , 2017, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[41]  B. Zheng,et al.  Immuno-Efficacy of a T. gondii Secreted Protein with an Altered Thrombospondin Repeat (TgSPATR) As a Novel DNA Vaccine Candidate against Acute Toxoplasmosis in BALB/c Mice , 2017, Front. Microbiol..

[42]  Yujing Wan,et al.  Protective immune response in mice induced by a suicidal DNA vaccine encoding NTPase-II gene of Toxoplasma gondii. , 2017, Acta tropica.

[43]  P. Song,et al.  Protection via a ROM4 DNA vaccine and peptide against Toxoplasma gondii in BALB/c mice , 2017, BMC Infectious Diseases.

[44]  Gang Lv,et al.  Vaccination with toxofilin DNA in combination with an alum-monophosphoryl lipid A mixed adjuvant induces significant protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondii , 2017, BMC Infectious Diseases.

[45]  Seungmin Hwang,et al.  Quo vadis? Interferon-inducible GTPases go to their target membranes via the LC3-conjugation system of autophagy , 2016, Small GTPases.

[46]  A. Daryani,et al.  Immunological evaluation of a DNA cocktail vaccine with co-delivery of calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CaPNs) against the Toxoplasma gondii RH strain in BALB/c mice , 2016, Parasitology Research.

[47]  Xi-chen Zhang,et al.  Toxoplasma gondii: Protective immunity induced by a DNA vaccine expressing GRA1 and MIC3 against toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice. , 2016, Experimental parasitology.

[48]  Y. Lau,et al.  Induction of Protective Immunity against Toxoplasmosis in BALB/c Mice Vaccinated with Toxoplasma gondii Rhoptry-1 , 2016, Front. Microbiol..

[49]  Xing-Quan Zhu,et al.  Vaccination with Toxoplasma gondii calcium-dependent protein kinase 6 and rhoptry protein 18 encapsulated in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microspheres induces long-term protective immunity in mice , 2016, BMC Infectious Diseases.

[50]  S. He,et al.  Epitope analysis and protection by a ROP19 DNA vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii , 2016, Parasite.

[51]  S. He,et al.  Evaluation of immune responses induced by rhoptry protein 5 and rhoptry protein 7 DNA vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii , 2016, Parasite immunology.

[52]  Xing-Quan Zhu,et al.  Protective efficacy of pVAX-RON5p against acute and chronic infections of Toxoplasma gondii in BALB/c mice. , 2016, Experimental parasitology.

[53]  N. Petrovsky,et al.  Molecular mechanisms for enhanced DNA vaccine immunogenicity , 2016, Expert review of vaccines.

[54]  Xing-Quan Zhu,et al.  Co-administration of interleukins 7 and 15 with DNA vaccine improves protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondii. , 2016, Experimental parasitology.

[55]  J. Bai,et al.  DNA vaccination with a gene encoding Toxoplasma gondii Rhoptry Protein 17 induces partial protective immunity against lethal challenge in mice , 2016, Parasite.

[56]  Laura F. Dagley,et al.  Regulation of Starch Stores by a Ca(2+)-Dependent Protein Kinase Is Essential for Viable Cyst Development in Toxoplasma gondii. , 2015, Cell host & microbe.

[57]  JingJing Wang,et al.  Toxoplasma gondii: Vaccination with a DNA vaccine encoding T- and B-cell epitopes of SAG1, GRA2, GRA7 and ROP16 elicits protection against acute toxoplasmosis in mice. , 2015, Vaccine.

[58]  M. Roque-Barreira,et al.  Vaccination with Recombinant Microneme Proteins Confers Protection against Experimental Toxoplasmosis in Mice , 2015, PloS one.

[59]  Ruofeng Yan,et al.  Protective immunity against acute toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice induced by a DNA vaccine encoding Toxoplasma gondii elongation factor 1-alpha , 2015, BMC Infectious Diseases.

[60]  M. Wang,et al.  Protective efficacy of two novel DNA vaccines expressing Toxoplasma gondii rhomboid 4 and rhomboid 5 proteins against acute and chronic toxoplasmosis in mice , 2015, Expert review of vaccines.

[61]  H. Yin,et al.  Research advances in microneme protein 3 of Toxoplasma gondii , 2015, Parasites & Vectors.

[62]  P. Song,et al.  Epitope analysis, expression and protection of SAG5A vaccine against Toxoplasma gondii. , 2015, Acta tropica.

[63]  Xinchao Liu,et al.  Immunological changes induced by Toxoplasma gondii Glutathione-S-Transferase (TgGST) delivered as a DNA vaccine. , 2015, Research in veterinary science.

[64]  Xing-Quan Zhu,et al.  Alpha-galactosylceramide enhances protective immunity induced by DNA vaccine of the SAG5D gene of Toxoplasma gondii , 2014, BMC Infectious Diseases.

[65]  Ruofeng Yan,et al.  Immunological response and protection of mice immunized with plasmid encoding Toxoplasma gondii glycolytic enzyme malate dehydrogenase , 2014, Parasite immunology.

[66]  Ruofeng Yan,et al.  Immunoglobulin and cytokine changes induced following immunization with a DNA vaccine encoding Toxoplasma gondii selenium-dependent glutathione reductase protein. , 2014, Experimental parasitology.

[67]  Xing-Quan Zhu,et al.  Evaluation of immuno-efficacy of a novel DNA vaccine encoding Toxoplasma gondiirhoptry protein 38 (TgROP38) against chronic toxoplasmosis in a murine model , 2014, BMC Infectious Diseases.

[68]  Ruofeng Yan,et al.  DNA vaccination with a gene encoding Toxoplasma gondii Deoxyribose Phosphate Aldolase (TgDPA) induces partial protective immunity against lethal challenge in mice , 2014, Parasites & Vectors.

[69]  Xing-Quan Zhu,et al.  Protective efficacy of Toxoplasma gondiicalcium-dependent protein kinase 1 (TgCDPK1) adjuvated with recombinant IL-15 and IL-21 against experimental toxoplasmosis in mice , 2014, BMC Infectious Diseases.

[70]  Xing-Quan Zhu,et al.  Synergy of mIL-21 and mIL-15 in enhancing DNA vaccine efficacy against acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice. , 2014, Vaccine.

[71]  H. Yin,et al.  Research progress on surface antigen 1 (SAG1) of Toxoplasma gondii , 2014, Parasites & Vectors.

[72]  Xing-Quan Zhu,et al.  Toxoplasma gondii: protective immunity induced by rhoptry protein 9 (TgROP9) against acute toxoplasmosis. , 2014, Experimental parasitology.

[73]  Y. Li,et al.  Toxoplasma gondii , 2014, Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics.

[74]  M. Gubbels,et al.  The Toxoplasma gondii calcium‐dependent protein kinase 7 is involved in early steps of parasite division and is crucial for parasite survival , 2014, Cellular microbiology.

[75]  Huai-yu Zhou,et al.  Comparative efficacy of a multi-epitope DNA vaccine via intranasal, peroral, and intramuscular delivery against lethal Toxoplasma gondii infection in mice , 2014, Parasites & Vectors.

[76]  Xing-Quan Zhu,et al.  DNA immunization with eukaryotic initiation factor-2α of Toxoplasma gondii induces protective immunity against acute and chronic toxoplasmosis in mice. , 2013, Vaccine.

[77]  Xing-Quan Zhu,et al.  Protective immunity against Toxoplasma gondii induced by DNA immunization with the gene encoding a novel vaccine candidate: calcium-dependent protein kinase 3 , 2013, BMC Infectious Diseases.

[78]  Min Zhang,et al.  DNA vaccine encoding the Toxoplasma gondii bradyzoite-specific surface antigens SAG2CDX protect BALB/c mice against type II parasite infection. , 2013, Vaccine.

[79]  Guilian Yang,et al.  Evaluation of protective effect of pVAX-TgMIC13 plasmid against acute and chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection in a murine model. , 2013, Vaccine.

[80]  Xing-Quan Zhu,et al.  Identification and characterization of Toxoplasma gondii aspartic protease 1 as a novel vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis , 2013, Parasites & Vectors.

[81]  Min Hu,et al.  Protective immunity induced by a DNA vaccine-encoding Toxoplasma gondii microneme protein 11 against acute toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice , 2013, Parasitology Research.

[82]  Quan Liu,et al.  Protein kinases of Toxoplasma gondii: functions and drug targets , 2013, Parasitology Research.

[83]  Xing-Quan Zhu,et al.  Toxoplasma gondii cathepsin proteases are undeveloped prominent vaccine antigens against toxoplasmosis , 2013, BMC Infectious Diseases.

[84]  Y. Lau,et al.  Protective immune response in BALB/c mice induced by DNA vaccine of the ROP8 gene of Toxoplasma gondii. , 2013, The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene.

[85]  Jianzhong Han,et al.  Evaluation of protective effect of multiantigenic DNA vaccine encoding MIC3 and ROP18 antigen segments of Toxoplasma gondii in mice , 2013, Parasitology Research.

[86]  Zi-Guo Yuan,et al.  Protective immunity induced by a DNA vaccine expressing eIF4A of Toxoplasma gondii against acute toxoplasmosis in mice. , 2013, Vaccine.

[87]  Min Zhang,et al.  Compound DNA vaccine encoding SAG1/ SAG3 with A2/B subunit of cholera toxin as a genetic adjuvant protects BALB/c mice against Toxoplasma gondii , 2013, Parasites & Vectors.

[88]  X. Zhang,et al.  The protective effect of a DNA vaccine encoding the Toxoplasma gondii cyclophilin gene in BALB/c mice , 2013, Parasite immunology.

[89]  S. Akira,et al.  Recognition of profilin by Toll-like receptor 12 is critical for host resistance to Toxoplasma gondii. , 2013, Immunity.

[90]  Irini Doytchinova,et al.  T-cell epitope vaccine design by immunoinformatics , 2013, Open Biology.

[91]  L. Sibley,et al.  Distinct signalling pathways control Toxoplasma egress and host‐cell invasion , 2012, The EMBO journal.

[92]  Xing-Quan Zhu,et al.  Evaluation of protective immune responses induced by DNA vaccines encoding Toxoplasma gondii surface antigen 1 (SAG1) and 14-3-3 protein in BALB/c mice , 2012, Parasites & Vectors.

[93]  M. Golkar,et al.  A review on human toxoplasmosis , 2012, Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases.

[94]  M. Long,et al.  Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in slaughtered chickens, ducks, and geese in Shenyang, northeastern China , 2012, Parasites & Vectors.

[95]  Qi Liu,et al.  Vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii: Status, challenges and future directions , 2012, Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics.

[96]  Min Hu,et al.  Evaluation of immune responses induced by SAG1 and MIC3 vaccine cocktails against Toxoplasma gondii. , 2012, Veterinary parasitology.

[97]  J. Dziadek,et al.  Toxoplasma gondii: the vaccine potential of three trivalent antigen-cocktails composed of recombinant ROP2, ROP4, GRA4 and SAG1 proteins against chronic toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice. , 2012, Experimental parasitology.

[98]  Qun Liu,et al.  Toxoplasma gondii immune mapped protein-1 (TgIMP1) is a novel vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis. , 2012, Vaccine.

[99]  Y. Li,et al.  Protective immune response against Toxoplasma gondii elicited by a recombinant DNA vaccine with a novel genetic adjuvant. , 2012, Vaccine.

[100]  M. Wang,et al.  Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii in Tibetan mastiffs (Canis lupus familiaris) and yaks (Bos grunniens) in Qinghai, China , 2012, Parasites & Vectors.

[101]  Nikolai Petrovsky,et al.  Technologies for enhanced efficacy of DNA vaccines , 2012, Expert review of vaccines.

[102]  Jian-yin Lin,et al.  Multicomponent DNA vaccine-encoding Toxoplasma gondii GRA1 and SAG1 primes: anti-Toxoplasma immune response in mice , 2012, Parasitology Research.

[103]  R. Essid,et al.  Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection among horses in Tunisia , 2011, Parasites & Vectors.

[104]  X. Suo,et al.  DNA vaccination with a gene encoding Toxoplasma gondii GRA6 induces partial protection against toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice , 2011, Parasites & Vectors.

[105]  M. Liao,et al.  Protective effect against toxoplasmosis in mice induced by DNA immunization with gene encoding Toxoplasma gondii ROP18. , 2011, Vaccine.

[106]  Reed Pifer,et al.  Innate responses to Toxoplasma gondii in mice and humans. , 2011, Trends in parasitology.

[107]  E. Montomoli,et al.  Current adjuvants and new perspectives in vaccine formulation , 2011, Expert review of vaccines.

[108]  Xi-chen Zhang,et al.  Immune response and protective efficacy against homologous challenge in BALB/c mice vaccinated with DNA vaccine encoding Toxoplasma gondii actin depolymerizing factor gene. , 2011, Veterinary parasitology.

[109]  Michael S. Behnke,et al.  Virulence differences in Toxoplasma mediated by amplification of a family of polymorphic pseudokinases , 2011, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

[110]  Zi-Guo Yuan,et al.  Toxoplasma gondii: protective immunity against experimental toxoplasmosis induced by a DNA vaccine encoding the perforin-like protein 1. , 2011, Experimental parasitology.

[111]  D. Ferguson,et al.  Intramembrane Cleavage of AMA1 Triggers Toxoplasma to Switch from an Invasive to a Replicative Mode , 2011, Science.

[112]  J. Dziadek,et al.  Evaluation of three recombinant multi-antigenic vaccines composed of surface and secretory antigens of Toxoplasma gondii in murine models of experimental toxoplasmosis. , 2011, Vaccine.

[113]  F. Ghaffarifar,et al.  Evaluation of the immune response induced by DNA vaccine cocktail expressing complete SAG1 and ROP2 genes against toxoplasmosis. , 2011, Vaccine.

[114]  Hongwei Gao,et al.  The protective effect of a Toxoplasma gondii SAG1 plasmid DNA vaccine in mice is enhanced with IL-18. , 2010, Research in veterinary science.

[115]  M. Corigliano,et al.  Effect of codon optimization and subcellular targeting on Toxoplasma gondii antigen SAG1 expression in tobacco leaves to use in subcutaneous and oral immunization in mice , 2010, BMC biotechnology.

[116]  Chao Zhang,et al.  Calcium-dependent protein kinase 1 is an essential regulator of exocytosis in Toxoplasma , 2010, Nature.

[117]  Zi-Guo Yuan,et al.  Toxoplasma gondii microneme protein 8 (MIC8) is a potential vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis , 2010, Parasitology Research.

[118]  Zhang Qiong,et al.  The location of invasion-related protein MIC3 of Toxoplasma gondii and protective effect of its DNA vaccine in mice. , 2009, Veterinary parasitology.

[119]  Zi-Guo Yuan,et al.  Toxoplasma gondii microneme protein 6 (MIC6) is a potential vaccine candidate against toxoplasmosis in mice. , 2009, Vaccine.

[120]  Danna Zhou,et al.  Protective immune response in BALB/c mice induced by a suicidal DNA vaccine of the MIC3 gene of Toxoplasma gondii. , 2009, Veterinary parasitology.

[121]  J. Kur,et al.  Current status of toxoplasmosis vaccine development , 2009, Expert review of vaccines.

[122]  M. Lebrun,et al.  Further analysis of protection induced by the MIC3 DNA vaccine against T. gondii: CD4 and CD8 T cells are the major effectors of the MIC3 DNA vaccine-induced protection, both Lectin-like and EGF-like domains of MIC3 conferred protection. , 2009, Vaccine.

[123]  Joo Chuan Tong,et al.  Immunoinformatics: Current trends and future directions , 2009, Drug Discovery Today.

[124]  J. L. Garcia.  Vaccination concepts against Toxoplasma gondii , 2009, Expert review of vaccines.

[125]  Ruofeng Yan,et al.  The optimal immunization procedure of DNA vaccine pcDNA-TA4-IL-2 of Eimeria tenella and its cross-immunity to Eimeria necatrix and Eimeria acervulina. , 2009, Veterinary parasitology.

[126]  J. Dubey.  The History of Toxoplasma gondii—The First 100 Years , 2008, The Journal of eukaryotic microbiology.

[127]  H. Długońska.  Toxoplasma Rhoptries: Unique Secretory Organelles and Source of Promising Vaccine Proteins for Immunoprevention of Toxoplasmosis , 2008, Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology.

[128]  Marie-France Carlier,et al.  Toxoplasma profilin is essential for host cell invasion and TLR11-dependent induction of an interleukin-12 response. , 2008, Cell host & microbe.

[129]  L. Sibley,et al.  Rhoptries: an arsenal of secreted virulence factors. , 2007, Current opinion in microbiology.

[130]  E. Jongert,et al.  GRA7 provides protective immunity in cocktail DNA vaccines against Toxoplasma gondii , 2007, Parasite immunology.

[131]  M. Igarashi,et al.  Toxoplasma gondii: DNA vaccination with genes encoding antigens MIC2, M2AP, AMA1 and BAG1 and evaluation of their immunogenic potential. , 2007, Experimental parasitology.

[132]  N. Letvin,et al.  Chemical adjuvants for plasmid DNA vaccines. , 2007, Vaccine.

[133]  G. Labesse,et al.  ROP18 Is a Rhoptry Kinase Controlling the Intracellular Proliferation of Toxoplasma gondii , 2007, PLoS pathogens.

[134]  Y. Li,et al.  Evaluation of the immune response induced by multiantigenic DNA vaccine encoding SAG1 and ROP2 of Toxoplasma gondii and the adjuvant properties of murine interleukin-12 plasmid in BALB/c mice , 2007, Parasitology Research.

[135]  T. Tan,et al.  A systematic bioinformatics approach for selection of epitope-based vaccine targets. , 2006, Cellular immunology.

[136]  P. Echeverría,et al.  Potent antigen-specific immunity to Toxoplasma gondii in adjuvant-free vaccination system using Rop2-Leishmania infantum Hsp83 fusion protein. , 2006, Vaccine.

[137]  F. Brossier,et al.  Toxoplasma gondii: microneme protein MIC2. , 2005, The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology.

[138]  Rémy Magné,et al.  Evaluation of protective effect of DNA vaccination with genes encoding antigens GRA4 and SAG1 associated with GM-CSF plasmid, against acute, chronical and congenital toxoplasmosis in mice. , 2005, Vaccine.

[139]  D. Soldati,et al.  Apicomplexan rhomboids have a potential role in microneme protein cleavage during host cell invasion. , 2005, International journal for parasitology.

[140]  L. Sibley,et al.  A spatially localized rhomboid protease cleaves cell surface adhesins essential for invasion by Toxoplasma. , 2005, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[141]  H. Vial,et al.  Synergistic role of micronemal proteins in Toxoplasma gondii virulence , 2005, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[142]  M. Bureau,et al.  Intramuscular plasmid DNA electrotransfer: biodistribution and degradation. , 2004, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[143]  L. Sibley,et al.  Biogenesis of nanotubular network in Toxoplasma parasitophorous vacuole induced by parasite proteins. , 2002, Molecular biology of the cell.

[144]  D. Roos,et al.  Secretory traffic in the eukaryotic parasite Toxoplasma gondii , 2002, The Journal of cell biology.

[145]  B. A. Fox,et al.  De novo pyrimidine biosynthesis is required for virulence of Toxoplasma gondii , 2002, Nature.

[146]  J. Ajioka,et al.  A family of transmembrane microneme proteins of Toxoplasma gondii contain EGF-like domains and function as escorters. , 2002, Journal of cell science.

[147]  D. Soldati,et al.  Identification and Characterization of an Escorter for Two Secretory Adhesins in Toxoplasma gondii , 2001, The Journal of cell biology.

[148]  M. Mortuaire,et al.  Targeted disruption of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored surface antigen SAG3 gene in Toxoplasma gondii decreases host cell adhesion and drastically reduces virulence in mice , 2000, Molecular microbiology.

[149]  D. Roos,et al.  RAP1 controls rhoptry targeting of RAP2 in the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum , 2000, The EMBO journal.

[150]  J. Dubey,et al.  Immunization with a DNA plasmid encoding the SAG1 (P30) protein of Toxoplasma gondii is immunogenic and protective in rodents. , 2000, The Journal of infectious diseases.

[151]  A. Suhrbier,et al.  Multi‐epitope DNA vaccines , 1997, Immunology and cell biology.

[152]  J. Grimwood,et al.  Toxoplasma gondii: the role of parasite surface and secreted proteins in host cell invasion. , 1996, International journal for parasitology.

[153]  L. Kasper,et al.  Attachment of Toxoplasma gondii to host cells involves major surface protein, SAG-1 (P30). , 1994, Experimental parasitology.