Economic impact of Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on spring wheat in Oregon and additive yield losses with Fusarium crown rot and lesion nematode.

Damage caused by Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), was quantified in spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L., trials near Pendleton and Moro, OR, during 2001 and 2002. Five field experiments were established to examine genetic resistance to Fusarium crown rot, Fusarium pseudograminearum (O'Donnell & Aoki), and economic damage by lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch, 1924) (Filipjev Schuurmanns & Stekhoven, 1941) and Pratylenchus thornei (Sher & Allen, 1941). Hessian fly became the dominant factor affecting grain yield in four experiments. Genotypes carrying the H3-resistance gene had grain yields 66 and 68% higher than susceptible genotypes in cultivar trials during 2001 and 2002, respectively. Yield reductions were detected when Hessian fly infestation rates exceeded 50% plants during 2001 and 15% plants (8% tillers) during 2002. In two trials during 2001, in-furrow application of aldicarb (Temik) at planting improved yields of four Hessian fly-susceptible cultivars by 72 and 144% (up to 1,959 kg/ha) and yields of one Hessian fly-resistant cultivar by 2 and 3%. Resistant cultivars and aldicarb improved grain quality as much as two market grades during 2001. The value of increased grain production with Hessian fly-resistant cultivars in four field experiments ranged from dollar 112 to dollar 252/ha, excluding price incentives for improved market quality. Yield reduction due to combined damage from Hessian fly and either Fusarium crown rot or lesion nematode was additive. This report seems to be the first quantitative yield loss estimate for Hessian fly in spring wheat in the semiarid environment of the inland Pacific Northwest.

[1]  G. D. Buntin,et al.  Integration of Plant Resistance, Insecticides, and Planting Date for Management of the Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Winter Wheat , 1992 .

[2]  H. Barnes.  Gall Midges of economic Importance. Yol. VII. Gall Midges of Cereal Crops. , 1955 .

[3]  G. D. Buntin.  Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Injury and Loss of Winter Wheat Grain Yield and Quality , 1999 .

[4]  H. Ohm,et al.  A Historical Perspective for the Establishment of Research Goals for Wheat Improvement , 1990 .

[5]  J. Carlson,et al.  Conservation Farming in the United States : Methods and Accomplishments of the STEEP Program , 1998 .

[6]  J. Alldredge,et al.  Variable Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) populations in cereal production systems in eastern Washington , 2003 .

[7]  J. H. Hatchett,et al.  Estimates of yield loss due to the Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on bread wheat using near-isogenic lines. , 1992 .

[8]  R. Allmaras,et al.  Conservation Tillage Systems and Soil Productivity , 1985 .

[9]  A. Ware,et al.  Relationship between root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus neglectus and P. thornei) and performance of wheat varieties , 1998 .

[10]  R. Smiley,et al.  Integrated Pest Management for Conservation Systems , 1998 .

[11]  P. E. Rasmussen,et al.  Diseases of wheat in long-term agronomic experiments at Pendleton, Oregon. , 1996 .

[12]  P. E. Rasmussen,et al.  Wheat/fallow systems in semi-arid regions of the Pacific NW America. , 1995 .

[13]  P. L. Taylor,et al.  Proposed System of Nomenclature for Biotypes of Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in North America , 1992 .

[14]  M. Harris,et al.  Susceptibility of cereal and non-cereal grasses to attack by Hessian fly (Mayetiola destructor (Say)). , 1996 .

[15]  J. Hatchett,et al.  Genotypic interaction between resistance genes in wheat and virulence genes in the Hessian fly Mayetiola destructor (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) , 2001, Bulletin of Entomological Research.

[16]  Russell L. Jones.  Central California studies on the degradation and movement of aldicarb residues , 1987 .

[17]  S. L. Clement,et al.  Biotype Composition of Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Populations from the Southeastern, Midwestern, and Northwestern United States and Virulence to Resistance Genes in Wheat , 2000, Journal of economic entomology.

[18]  R. Smiley,et al.  Pathogenic fungi associated with Fusarium foot rot of winter wheat in the semiarid Pacific Northwest , 1996 .

[19]  R. L. Gallun,et al.  GENETIC BASIS OF HESSIAN FLY EPIDEMICS , 1977 .

[20]  J. Hatchett,et al.  Wheat genetic control of Hessian fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Morocco , 1996 .