Biological Function and Molecular-Evolution of Whey Acidic Protein (WAP)

1.は じめに 哺乳類(mammalian)が 生産する乳汁は、タンパク質、 脂肪、炭水化物、 ビタミン、 ミネラルなどを含む完全 栄養食品であ り、動物種 によっては、免疫機能が完成 していない乳児 に抗体を供給 し抵抗性 を与える重要な 役割 がある。乳汁 を合成 し分泌す る乳腺(mammary gland)は 、妊娠、分娩、泌乳、離乳 の過程において、 顕著な形態的変化、及び機能的変化 を示す組織の一つ である。哺乳類 においてのみ発達 している乳腺での遺 伝子発現 は、分子進化学的に最 も多様性 に富んでいる。 よって、乳汁成分の種 間におけるア ミノ酸配列相同性 も高 くな く(マ ウス対ブタ:β 一カゼイン40%、 α一ラク トアルブ ミン58%)、 仔の栄養成分 として機能す るだ けであろ うと考え られていた。しか し近年、乳汁中の い くつかの タンパ ク質が、母体の乳腺 の発達制御に関 わ り、 さらに乳癌の発症や増殖 メカニズムに関与 して いることが報告 されている。 本稿 で は、乳汁 中の乳清 酸性 タ ンパ ク質(Whey Acidic Protein; WAP)に 注 目し、その生物学的機能な ら びに分子進化 について、我 々の研究報告の一部を交え て紹介する。

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