Self-discharge characteristics and performance degradation of Ni-MH batteries for storage applications

Abstract The needs for onboard energy storage are practically dependent on the Ni-MH and Li-ion battery packs, because these two power-assisting systems have features of proper energy density, longer cycle lifetime, quick charge acceptance, and proper operating windows for both voltage and temperature. In particular, the Ni-MH power system has a proper tolerance mechanism for overcharge and overdischarge, a lower cost for battery pack maintenance, and a slightly longer cycle lifetime profile. We studied the self-discharge characteristics, state-of-health, state-of-charge, and energy efficiencies at various charge input levels. The end-of-voltages during charge and discharge were evaluated for the Ni-MH storage batteries. The impedance measurements and data analysis have also been conducted for equivalent circuit simulations. The performance deterioration and capacity decay are fundamentally analyzed and discussed in details, including electrode side-reactions, structure degradations, separator weakening, and level changes of electrolyte saturation in the battery. Further battery quality enhancement through cycle duration improvement for onboard energy storage potentially provides more suitable power and energy delivery in order to obtain higher efficiency, save more fuels, and reduce CO2, SO2, and NOx emissions.

[1]  Dong-Cheol Yang,et al.  Mechanism for the degradation of MmNi3.9Co0.6Mn0.3Al0.2 electrode and effects of additives on electrode degradation for Ni-MH secondary batteries , 2011 .

[2]  B. Tatarchuk,et al.  A novel nano-nonwoven fabric with three-dimensionally dispersed nanofibers: entrapment of carbon nanofibers within nonwovens using the wet-lay process , 2012, Nanotechnology.

[3]  Yanli Chen.  Development and application of co-culture for ethanol production by co-fermentation of glucose and xylose: a systematic review , 2011, Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology.

[4]  Subhash Bhatia,et al.  Catalytic processes towards the production of biofuels in a palm oil and oil palm biomass-based biorefinery. , 2008, Bioresource technology.

[5]  Peter Kritzer.  Separators for nickel metal hydride and nickel cadmium batteries designed to reduce self-discharge rates , 2004 .

[6]  B. Liaw,et al.  Self-Discharge and Charge Retention in AB 2-Based Nickel Metal Hydride Batteries , 2004 .

[7]  Xiaofen Li,et al.  Self-discharge mechanism of Ni-MH battery by using acrylic acid grafted polypropylene separator , 2010 .

[8]  K. Nishimura,et al.  Nickel-metal Hydride Battery Using Fiber-type Ni(OH)2 Electrode: Electrode Manufacturing and Battery Performance , 2014 .

[9]  P. Blanchard,et al.  Self‐Discharge of Sealed Nickel—Metal Hydride Batteries Mechanisms and Improvements , 1998 .

[10]  K. Young,et al.  Effects of H2O2 addition to the cell balance and self-discharge of Ni/MH batteries with AB5 and A2B7 alloys , 2012 .

[11]  A. Demirbas,et al.  Hydrogen Production from Carbonaceous Solid Wastes by Steam Reforming , 2008 .

[12]  Alon Kuperman,et al.  Battery–ultracapacitor hybrids for pulsed current loads: A review , 2011 .

[13]  T. Sakai,et al.  R&d on metal hydride materials and Ni-MH batteries in Japan , 1999 .

[14]  D. Cahela,et al.  Novel catalyst structures with enhanced heat transfer characteristics , 2011 .

[15]  Wenhua H. Zhu,et al.  Energy efficiency and capacity retention of Ni–MH batteries for storage applications , 2013 .

[16]  A. A. Pesaran.  Choices and Requirements of Batteries for EVs, HEVs, PHEVs (Presentation) , 2011 .

[17]  Tetsuo Sakai,et al.  High-power nickel/metal-hydride battery using new micronetwork substrate: Discharge rate capability and cycle-life performance , 2007 .

[18]  Derek O. Northwood,et al.  Self-discharge characteristics of a metal hydride electrode for Ni-MH rechargeable batteries , 2005 .

[19]  Robert F. Nelson,et al.  Power requirements for batteries in hybrid electric vehicles , 2000 .

[20]  K. Nishimura,et al.  Fiber-Type Ni(OH)2 Electrode for Nickel-Metal Hydride Battery: Super High-Rate Charge/Discharge and Long Cycle-Life Performances , 2012 .

[21]  Akihiro Taniguchi,et al.  Development of nickel/metal-hydride batteries for EVs and HEVs , 2001 .

[22]  K. Oguro,et al.  Self‐Discharge Mechanism of Nickel‐Hydrogen Batteries Using Metal Hydride Anodes , 1989 .

[23]  C. Iwakura,et al.  Self‐Discharge Mechanism of Sealed‐Type Nickel/Metal‐Hydride Battery , 1996 .

[24]  R. Spotnitz,et al.  Advanced EV and HEV batteries , 2005, 2005 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.

[25]  Hiroshi Nakamura,et al.  Deterioration mechanism of nickel metal-hydride batteries for hybrid electric vehicles , 2005 .

[26]  S. Matsuta,et al.  Suppression mechanism of the self-discharge reaction in nickel-metal hydride batteries using a sulfonated polyolefin separator , 2006 .

[27]  Hydrogen and liquid bio-fuel generated from biomass , 2008 .

[28]  Chunsheng Wang,et al.  The self-discharge mechanism of AB5-type hydride electrodes in Ni/MH batteries , 2006 .

[29]  E. Barsoukov,et al.  Impedance spectroscopy : theory, experiment, and applications , 2005 .

[30]  Wenhua H. Zhu,et al.  Microfibrous nickel substrates and electrodes for battery system applications , 2002 .

[31]  Kai Strunz,et al.  Electric Vehicle Battery Technologies , 2013 .