The Individual Virtual Eye: a Computer Model for Advanced Intraocular Lens Calculation

Purpose To describe the individual virtual eye, a computer model of a human eye with respect to its optical properties. It is based on measurements of an individual person and one of its major application is calculating intraocular lenses (IOLs) for cataract surgery.

[1]  P. Preussner,et al.  [Consistent numerical calculation of optics of the pseudophakic eye]. , 2000, Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft.

[2]  Daniel Cano,et al.  Comparison of real and computer-simulated outcomes of LASIK refractive surgery. , 2004, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[3]  Pablo Artal,et al.  Predicting the optical performance of eyes implanted with IOLs to correct spherical aberration. , 2006, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[4]  J M Miller,et al.  Visual acuity modeling using optical raytracing of schematic eyes. , 1995, American journal of ophthalmology.

[5]  E. Roth,et al.  [Image properties of spherical as aspheric intraocular lenses]. , 1999, Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde.

[6]  P. Artal,et al.  Functional optical zone of the cornea. , 2007, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[7]  E. Sarver,et al.  Modeling and predicting visual outcomes with VOL-3D. , 2000, Journal of refractive surgery.

[8]  O. Findl,et al.  Predicting postoperative intraocular lens position and refraction , 2004, Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.

[9]  Larry N Thibos,et al.  Metrics of optical quality derived from wave aberrations predict visual performance. , 2004, Journal of vision.

[10]  Nicolas Chateau,et al.  Effects of Zernike wavefront aberrations on visual acuity measured using electromagnetic adaptive optics technology. , 2007, Journal of refractive surgery.

[11]  Jörgen Gustafsson,et al.  Raytracing in the compensation of the peripheral optics of the eye , 2000 .

[12]  D Ortiz,et al.  [Optimization of an individualized LASIK surgery. Geometric ray tracing model]. , 2003, Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia.

[13]  Andreas Frohn,et al.  Visuelle Abbildung bei hohen Ametropien : Computergestützte Simulation mittels strahlenoptischer Rechnungen , 1996 .

[14]  Pablo Artal,et al.  Theoretical comparison of aberration-correcting customized and aspheric intraocular lenses. , 2007, Journal of refractive surgery.

[15]  S. Marcos,et al.  Customized computer models of eyes with intraocular lenses. , 2007, Optics express.

[16]  Marrie van der Mooren,et al.  A new intraocular lens design to reduce spherical aberration of pseudophakic eyes. , 2002, Journal of refractive surgery.

[17]  P. Piers,et al.  Aberrations after intraocular lens implantation. , 2006, Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.

[18]  Y. Akagi,et al.  [A new theoretical formula for the intraocular lens power calculation by the Ray Tracing Method]. , 2002, Nippon Ganka Gakkai zasshi.

[19]  A. Bradley,et al.  Accuracy and precision of objective refraction from wavefront aberrations. , 2004, Journal of vision.

[20]  Dimitri Chernyak,et al.  Corneal asphericity and retinal image quality: a case study and simulations. , 2004, Journal of refractive surgery.

[21]  David Williams,et al.  Image Metrics for Predicting Subjective Image Quality , 2005, Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry.

[22]  Sergio Barbero,et al.  Increase in corneal asphericity after standard laser in situ keratomileusis for myopia is not inherent to the Munnerlyn algorithm. , 2003, Journal of refractive surgery.

[23]  A. Watson,et al.  Predicting visual acuity from wavefront aberrations. , 2008, Journal of vision.

[24]  A. Bradley,et al.  Predicting subjective judgment of best focus with objective image quality metrics. , 2004, Journal of vision.

[25]  W. Werner,et al.  Abbildungseigenschaften sphärischer und asphärischer Intraokularlinsen , 1999 .

[26]  Sergio Barbero,et al.  Corneal and total optical aberrations in a unilateral aphakic patient , 2002, Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.

[27]  P. Preussner,et al.  Topography‐based intraocular lens power selection , 2005, Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.

[28]  M. Jankov,et al.  Treatment‐induced shifts of ocular reference axes used for measurement centration , 2005, Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.

[29]  P. Yoder,et al.  Toric intraocular lens implantation: 100 consecutive cases , 2002, Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.

[30]  Roman Kuchkuda,et al.  An introduction to ray tracing , 1993, Comput. Graph..

[31]  L. Thibos,et al.  Standards for reporting the optical aberrations of eyes. , 2002, Journal of refractive surgery.

[32]  Corina van de Pol,et al.  Normal‐eye Zernike coefficients and root‐mean‐square wavefront errors , 2006, Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.

[33]  Li Wang,et al.  Effect of decentration of wavefront-corrected intraocular lenses on the higher-order aberrations of the eye. , 2005, Archives of ophthalmology.

[34]  G J Wang,et al.  Calculation of an IOL from the wide-angle optical model of the eye. , 1985, Journal - American Intra-Ocular Implant Society.

[35]  M. Collins,et al.  Computer simulation of visual outcomes of wavefront‐only corneal ablation , 2006, Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.

[36]  Reply: Aberrations after intraocular lens implantation , 2006 .

[37]  Alessandro Franchini,et al.  Comparative assessment of contrast with spherical and aspherical intraocular lenses , 2006, Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.

[38]  Pablo Artal,et al.  Intraocular lens to correct corneal coma. , 2007, Optics letters.

[39]  Javier Alda,et al.  Real Ray Tracing , 2004 .

[40]  P. Preussner,et al.  Simplified mathematics for customized refractive surgery , 2003, Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.

[41]  Sergio Barbero,et al.  Optical quality and depth-of-field of eyes implanted with spherical and aspheric intraocular lenses. , 2005, Journal of refractive surgery.

[42]  M. Cox,et al.  Limitations of correcting spherical aberration with aspheric intraocular lenses. , 2005, Journal of refractive surgery.

[43]  Fernando Moreno,et al.  Geometric ray tracing for design of customized ablation in laser in situ keratomileusis. , 2002, Journal of refractive surgery.

[44]  LUIS GONZÁLEZ,et al.  On the Prediction of Optical Aberrations by Personalized Eye Models , 2006, Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry.

[45]  Wolfgang Fink,et al.  simEye: Computer-based simulation of visual perception under various eye defects using Zernike polynomials. , 2006, Journal of biomedical optics.

[46]  Rafael Navarro,et al.  The Optical Design of the Human Eye: a Critical Review , 2009 .

[47]  J. Schwiegerling,et al.  Corneal ablation patterns to correct for spherical aberration in photorefractive keratectomy. , 2000, Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.

[48]  P.-R. Preußner,et al.  Konsistente IOL-Berechnung , 2001, Der Ophthalmologe.

[49]  Susana Marcos,et al.  Change in corneal aberrations after cataract surgery with 2 types of aspherical intraocular lenses , 2007, Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.

[50]  W. Press,et al.  Numerical Recipes in C++: The Art of Scientific Computing (2nd edn)1 Numerical Recipes Example Book (C++) (2nd edn)2 Numerical Recipes Multi-Language Code CD ROM with LINUX or UNIX Single-Screen License Revised Version3 , 2003 .

[51]  C. Kramann,et al.  Corneal model , 2003, Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.

[52]  William H. Press,et al.  The Art of Scientific Computing Second Edition , 1998 .

[53]  T. Olsen,et al.  Calibration of axial length measurements with the Zeiss IOLMaster , 2005, Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.

[54]  S. Barbero,et al.  Optical response to LASIK surgery for myopia from total and corneal aberration measurements. , 2001, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[55]  Damian Siedlecki,et al.  Schematic eye with a gradient-index lens and aspheric surfaces. , 2004, Optics letters.

[56]  [Effect of pupil size on longitudinal focal distribution after photorefractive keratectomy ]. , 2001, Klinische Monatsblatter fur Augenheilkunde.

[57]  E. Sarver,et al.  Interaction between aberrations to improve or reduce visual performance , 2003, Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.

[58]  Michael Bass,et al.  Handbook of optics , 1995 .

[59]  A computer model for predicting image quality after photorefractive keratectomy. , 1996, Journal of refractive surgery.

[60]  K. Naeser Intraocular lens power formula based on vergence calculation and lens design , 1997, Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.

[61]  Brian A. Barsky,et al.  Cwhatuc: software tools for predicting, visualizing and simulating corneal visual acuity , 2000 .

[62]  Edwin J Sarver,et al.  Are all aberrations equal? , 2002, Journal of refractive surgery.

[63]  David A. Atchison,et al.  Optics of the Human Eye , 2023 .

[64]  O. Findl,et al.  Ray tracing for intraocular lens calculation , 2002, Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.

[65]  W. Stiles,et al.  Luminous Efficiency of Rays entering the Eye Pupil at Different Points , 1937, Nature.

[66]  P. M. Prieto,et al.  Effects of interactions among wave aberrations on optical image quality , 2006, Vision Research.

[67]  R A Applegate,et al.  Corneal first surface optical aberrations and visual performance. , 2000, Journal of refractive surgery.

[68]  Stephen S. Lane,et al.  Optical performance of 3 intraocular lens designs in the presence of decentration , 2005, Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.

[69]  Eleonora Vaccari,et al.  Computerized analysis of the effects of intraocular lens edge design on the quality of vision in pseudophakic patients , 2003, Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.

[70]  N A Brennan,et al.  Anatomically accurate, finite model eye for optical modeling. , 1997, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[71]  Sverker Norrby The Dubbelman eye model analysed by ray tracing through aspheric surfaces , 2005, Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians.

[72]  Fabrice Manns,et al.  Predicting the performance of accommodating intraocular lenses using ray tracing , 2006, Journal of cataract and refractive surgery.

[73]  Paul-Rolf Preußner,et al.  Konsistente numerische Berechnung der Optik des pseudophaken Auges , 2000, Der Ophthalmologe.

[74]  D A Atchison,et al.  Design of aspheric intraocular lenses , 1991, Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians.

[75]  U Schiefer,et al.  A ray tracer for ophthalmological applications. , 1996, German journal of ophthalmology.