Low-voltage electroosmotic pumps fabricated from track-etched polymer membranes.

Track-etched polymer membranes are used to realize low-voltage electroosmotic (EO) pumps. The nanopores in polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membranes were fabricated by the track-etching technique, the pore diameter was controlled in the range of 100 to 250 nm by adjusting the etching time. The results show that these EO pumps can provide high flow rates at low applied voltages (2-5 V). The maximum normalized flow rate is as high as 0.12 ml min(-1) V(-1) cm(-2), which is comparable to the best values of previously demonstrated EO pumps. We attribute this high performance to the unique properties of the track-etched nanopores in the membranes.

[1]  Juan G. Santiago,et al.  A planar electroosmotic micropump , 2002 .

[2]  Juan G. Santiago,et al.  A review of micropumps , 2004 .

[3]  Oktay Baysal,et al.  A low-voltage nano-porous electroosmotic pump. , 2010, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[4]  Jörg P Kutter,et al.  Long-term stable electroosmotic pump with ion exchange membranes. , 2005, Lab on a chip.

[5]  Shizhi Qian,et al.  Magneto-Hydrodynamics Based Microfluidics. , 2009, Mechanics research communications.

[6]  S. Litster,et al.  An Electro-osmotic Fuel Pump for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells , 2007 .

[7]  Reimar Spohr,et al.  Production and use of nuclear tracks: imprinting structure on solids , 1983 .

[8]  Chi-Chuan Wang,et al.  Low-voltage electroosmotic pumping using porous anodic alumina membranes , 2008 .

[9]  O. Guenat,et al.  Partial electroosmotic pumping in complex capillary systems: Part 2: Fabrication and application of a micro total analysis system (μTAS) suited for continuous volumetric nanotitrations , 2001 .

[10]  T. Kenny,et al.  Closed-loop electroosmotic microchannel cooling system for VLSI circuits , 2002 .

[11]  P. Apel,et al.  Track etching technique in membrane technology , 2001 .

[12]  Shili Wang,et al.  Electroosmotic pumps and their applications in microfluidic systems , 2009, Microfluidics and nanofluidics.

[13]  Suresh V. Garimella,et al.  Recent advances in microscale pumping technologies: a review and evaluation , 2008 .

[14]  J. Xue,et al.  Surface charge density of the track-etched nanopores in polyethylene terephthalate foils. , 2009, Biomicrofluidics.

[15]  Juan G. Santiago,et al.  Fabrication and characterization of electroosmotic micropumps , 2001 .

[16]  Juan G. Santiago,et al.  Electroosmotic flow pumps with polymer frits , 2002 .

[17]  Purnendu K. Dasgupta,et al.  Flow-injection analysis in the capillary format using electroosmotic pumping , 1992 .

[18]  C. L. Rice,et al.  Electrokinetic Flow in a Narrow Cylindrical Capillary , 1965 .

[19]  Philippe Déjardin,et al.  Streaming potential in cylindrical pores of poly(ethylene terephthalate) track-etched membranes: variation of apparent zeta potential with pore radius. , 2005, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[20]  John P. Wikswo,et al.  SiO2-coated porous anodic alumina membranes for high flow rate electroosmotic pumping , 2007 .

[21]  Gregory W. Bishop,et al.  Electroosmotic flow rectification in pyramidal-pore mica membranes. , 2010, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[22]  J. Santiago,et al.  Porous glass electroosmotic pumps: theory. , 2003, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[23]  Suk Won Cha,et al.  Water management in proton exchange membrane fuel cells using integrated electroosmotic pumping , 2006 .

[24]  Lingxin Chen,et al.  The microfabricated electrokinetic pump: a potential promising drug delivery technique , 2007, Expert opinion on drug delivery.

[25]  D. Xing,et al.  Micropumps, microvalves, and micromixers within PCR microfluidic chips: Advances and trends. , 2007, Biotechnology advances.

[26]  J. Santiago,et al.  Electroosmotic pumps fabricated from porous silicon membranes , 2006, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems.

[27]  Lingxin Chen,et al.  Study of an electroosmotic pump for liquid delivery and its application in capillary column liquid chromatography. , 2004, Journal of chromatography. A.

[28]  Juan G. Santiago,et al.  High-pressure electroosmotic pumps based on porous polymer monoliths , 2004 .

[29]  J. Miao,et al.  Micropumps Based on the Enhanced Electroosmotic Effect of Aluminum Oxide Membranes , 2007 .

[30]  L. Yang,et al.  Mechanism of porous core electroosmotic pump flow injection system and its application to determination of chromium(VI) in waste-water. , 2000, Talanta.

[31]  J. Xue,et al.  Low-voltage electroosmotic pumping using polyethylene terephthalate track-etched membrane , 2012 .

[32]  E. Staude,et al.  Permeation and tangential flow streaming potential measurements for electrokinetic characterization of track-etched microfiltration membranes , 1999 .

[33]  Lingxin Chen,et al.  An electroosmotic pump for packed capillary liquid chromatography , 2003 .

[34]  Hsueh-Chia Chang,et al.  A new electro-osmotic pump based on silica monoliths , 2006 .

[35]  J. Santiago,et al.  Porous glass electroosmotic pumps: design and experiments. , 2003, Journal of colloid and interface science.

[36]  Asim Nisar,et al.  MEMS-based micropumps in drug delivery and biomedical applications , 2008 .

[37]  C. Culbertson,et al.  Electroosmotically induced hydraulic pumping with integrated electrodes on microfluidic devices. , 2001, Analytical chemistry.

[38]  Adam Heller,et al.  A miniature, nongassing electroosmotic pump operating at 0.5 V. , 2011, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[39]  V. Pretorius,et al.  Electro-osmosis: A new concept for high-speed liquid chromatography , 1974 .