Behavioral Epigenetics of Family-Centered Care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

The study used existing deidentified data and was exempt from human participant review. Children’s race/ ethnicity and sex were obtained from the parent and/or school records. Children were classified into quintiles of a composite socioeconomic scale constructed by the ECLS-K,5 capturing parents’ education, occupation, and household income. The proportion of children who were overweight or obese and the proportion of children who were obese were estimated overall and separately by sex, socioeconomic quintile, and race/ethnicity. Socioeconomic disparity was measured as the difference in proportion between the highest quintile and other quintiles. Racial/ethnic disparities were measured by the difference in proportion between non-Hispanic black and nonHispanic white children and Hispanic and non-Hispanic white children. Weighted estimates were generated in Stata version 12.1 (StataCorp Inc) to adjust for the multistage sampling design of the ECLS-K. Our analysis sample (rounded to the nearest 10 per the National Center for Education Statistics data-use restrictions) included approximately 17 000 and 15 560 kindergarteners who were representative of 3 442 716 and 4 003 224 US kindergarteners in the fall of 1998 and 2010, respectively.