LOCAL TRANSPORT REGIONS (LTRS) IN HUMAN STRATUM CORNEUM DUE TO LONG AND SHORT 'HIGH VOLTAGE' PULSES

Application of 'high voltage' HV pulses transdermal voltage U ) 50 V to preparations of human skin have been previously skin . hypothesized to cause electroporation of multilamellar lipid barriers within the stratum corneum SC . Such pulses cause large increases . in molecular transport and decrease in the skin's electrical resistance. Here we describe the local transport regions LTRs and the . surrounding local dissipiation regions LDRs that dominate the skin's response to both 'long' and 'short' HV pulses. The number of LTRrLDRs depends on U , but their size depends on pulse duration, so that LDRs can merge to form large regions containing several skin LTRs. LTRs themselves are not spatially homogeneous, as they have a ringlike structure, which is interpreted as involving different transport behavior viz. aqueous pathways which are either predominantly perpendicular or parallel to the SC. Our observations are . consistent with the hypothesis that localized aqueous pathway formation electroporation occurs first, followed by secondary processes involving the entry of water into the SC and also localized heating. q 1998 Elsevier Science S.A. All rights reserved.

[1]  H. White,et al.  Iontophoretic transport through porous membranes using scanning electrochemical microscopy: application to in vitro studies of ion fluxes through skin. , 1993, Analytical chemistry.

[2]  E. Neumann,et al.  Electroporation and Electrofusion in Cell Biology , 1989, Springer US.

[3]  J. Weaver,et al.  Transport of a charged molecule across the human epidermis due to electroporation , 1996 .

[4]  P. Elias,et al.  Structural and lipid biochemical correlates of the epidermal permeability barrier. , 1991, Advances in lipid research.

[5]  S. Dinh,et al.  Upper and lower limits of human skin electrical resistance in lontophoresis , 1993 .

[6]  E. Neumann,et al.  Chemical electrooptics and linear dichroism of polyelectrolytes and colloids , 1996 .

[7]  P. Elias,et al.  Percutaneous transport in relation to stratum corneum structure and lipid composition. , 1981, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[8]  J. Weaver,et al.  Passive Electrical Properties of Human Stratum Corneum during Application of Electric Fields , 1999 .

[9]  Charles Polk,et al.  CRC Handbook of Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields , 1986 .

[10]  S. Kitagawa,et al.  pH-dependence of phase transition of the lipid bilayer of liposomes of stratum corneum lipids , 1995 .

[11]  R. Guy,et al.  (D) Routes of delivery: Case studies , 1992 .

[12]  H. Ogiso,et al.  Phase transitions of rat stratum corneum lipids by an electron paramagnetic resonance study and relationship of phase states to drug penetration. , 1996, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[13]  J. A. Gimm,et al.  Imaging regions of transport across human stratum corneum during high-voltage and low-voltage exposures. , 1996, Journal of pharmaceutical sciences.

[14]  Howard I. Maibach,et al.  Evaluation of the Barrier Function of Skin Using Transepidermal Water Loss (TEWL): A Critical Overview , 2014 .

[15]  A. Lerner,et al.  Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology of the Skin , 1993 .

[16]  D. Chang,et al.  Guide to Electroporation and Electrofusion , 1991 .

[17]  James C. Weaver,et al.  Electroporation of human skin: simultaneous measurement of changes in the transport of two fluorescent molecules and in the passive electrical properties , 1996 .

[18]  J. Weaver,et al.  Imaging of fluorescent molecule and small ion transport through human stratum corneum during high voltage pulsing: localized transport regions are involved. , 1996, Biophysical chemistry.

[19]  L. Fung,et al.  Molecular properties of a stratum corneum model lipid system: large unilamellar vesicles. , 1995, Biophysical journal.

[20]  J. Weaver,et al.  Electroporation: A general phenomenon for manipulating cells and tissues , 1993, Journal of cellular biochemistry.

[21]  J. Weaver,et al.  Theory of electroporation of planar bilayer membranes: predictions of the aqueous area, change in capacitance, and pore-pore separation. , 1994, Biophysical journal.

[22]  J. Weaver,et al.  Changes in the passive electrical properties of human stratum corneum due to electroporation. , 1995, Biochimica et biophysica acta.

[23]  J. Weaver,et al.  Transdermal transport of DNA antisense oligonucleotides by electroporation. , 1995, Biochemical and biophysical research communications.