From in vitro and in vivo screening tests for antagonism by isolates of Trichoderma against postharvest pathogens of yams (Dioscorea spp.), an isolate of Trichoderma viride Pers. ex S.F. Gray was selected as the most promising candidate for the biocontrol of postharvest rot of yams. Inoculation of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) with conidiaspores of T. viride and subsequent storage of the tubers under the ambient environment conditions of a traditional yam barn, resulted in a drastic reduction in the frequency of occurrence of the normal tuber surface mycoflora over a 4-month (December-April) storage period. Trichoderma viride on the other hand, maintained a high frequency of occurrence during the same period. Furthermore, whereas up to 52.0%) rot was found among groups of tubers that were artificially inoculated with the postharvest pathogens of yams, Aspergillus niger Van Tiegh., Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. or Penicillium oxalicum Currie and Thom, and also the group that was not inoculated with any organism (control), among groups of tubers that were inoculated with T. viride the rot was either totally suppressed or only a low percentage of rot occurred. The significance of the findings is discussed in relation to yam storage especially by farmers with limited resources.
Zusammenfassung
Trichoderma-Isolate wurden in vitro und in vivo hinsichtlich ihrer antagonistischen Wirkung auf Nacherntepathogene von Yamswurzeln (Dioscorea spp.) getestet. Dabei wurde ein Isolat von Trichoderma viride Pers. ex S.F. Gray als vielversprechendster Kandidat fur die biologische Bekampfung der Lagerfaule von Yamswurzeln ausgewahlt. Nach Inokulation von weisem Yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.) mit Konidiosporen von T. viride und anschliesender Lagerung der Knollen unter Umweltverhaltnissen, die denjenigen in den traditionell zur Lagerung verwendeten Schuppen entsprechen, kam es wahrend einer viermonatigen Lagerung (Dezember bis April) zu einem starken Ruckgang bei der Haufigkeit des Auftretens der normalen Mykoflora der Knollenoberflache. Trichoderma viride kam wahrend dieses Zeitraums jedoch weiterhin haufig vor. Bei Knollen, die mit den Nacherntepathogenen Aspergillus niger Tiegh., Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. oder Penicillium oxalicum Curie und Thom kunstlich inokuliert worden waren, betrug der Faulnisanteil am Ende der Lagerzeit ebenso wie bei den nicht inokulierten Knollen der Kontrollvariante bis zu 52,0%. Bei den mit T. viride inokulierten Knollen war die Faulnis dagegen vollkommen unterdruckt, oder nur ein kleiner Prozentanteil der Knollen faulte. Die Bedeutung dieser Ergebnisse wird besonders im Hinblick auf die Lagerung von Yamswurzeln durch Bauern diskutiert, denen nur begrenzte Mittel zur Verfugung stehen.
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