Optical Properties and Biomedical Applications of Nanostructures Based on Gold and Silver Bioconjugates

We discuss optical properties of single and aggregated colloidal gold and silver conjugates that can be fabricated by adsorption of a biopolymer onto nanoparticle surfaces. We start with a discussion of two-layer and multilayer optical models for colloidal gold and silver nanoparticle conjugates that consist of a metal core and a polymer shell formed by recognizing and target molecules. The point at issue is the core-size optimization of conjugate-based nanosensors as elementary transducers of molecular binding events into optical signals. We present a detailed discussion of optical properties of various aggregated conjugate-based structures such as bispheres, linear chains, plane arrays on a rectangular lattice, compact and porous clusters embedded on a cubic body-centerd lattice, and random fractal aggregates. Our attention is focused on the following topics: (1) statistical and orientation averaging of optical observables; (2) dependence of extinction and scattering spectra on the optical binary coupling of conjugates; (3) optical effects related to the chain-like structures; (4) effects of polymer coating, interparticle spacing, and cluster structure; (5) simulation of kinetic changes in the optical properties of aggregated sols formed during biospecific binding. Finally, we discuss experimental data and biomedical applications of metal nanoparticles and their biospecific conjugates in various biomedical studies.

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