All-optical forward-view photoacoustic endoscopy

Photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE) is an exciting new tool specifically for many endoscopic diagnosis. We present a miniature all-optical probe that enables forward-view PAE without using a scanner. The probe utilizes an imaging fiber bundle and a gradient-index (GRIN) objective lens for delivery, focusing, and scanning of excitation laser pulses. Due to the fixed spatial relationship between the entrance and the output of the imaging fiber bundle, the laser scanning can be implemented on the proximal end face, and coherently transferred to the distal end face. The output light from the imaging fiber bundle is then focused by the GRIN objective lens, which results in an enlarged field of view (FOV) and working distance. For acoustic detection, a fiber-optic Fabry-Perot sensor is integrated to detect the generated acoustic waves from a wide field. The outer diameter of the PAE probe is 2.4 mm. The forward-view endoscopic imaging is presented to show the imaging capability of the PAE probe. The results show that our PAE probe is capable of forward-view photoacoustic imaging with high resolution (7.8−10.4 μm) and wide FOV (>3.5 mm).

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