Feedback between dust particles and atmospheric processes over West Africa in March 2006 and June 2007

Feedback between dust particles and atmospheric processes over West Africa in March 2006 and June 2007 T. Stanelle, B. Vogel, H. Vogel, D. Bäumer, and Ch. Kottmeier Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany now at: Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland now at: BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany Received: 22 January 2010 – Accepted: 26 February 2010 – Published: 23 March 2010 Correspondence to: B. Vogel (bernhard.vogel@kit.edu) Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union.

[1]  Jim Haywood,et al.  Modeled and observed atmospheric radiation balance during the West African dry season: Role of mineral dust, biomass burning aerosol, and surface albedo , 2008 .

[2]  G. Bergametti,et al.  Parametrization of the increase of the aeolian erosion threshold wind friction velocity due to soil moisture for arid and semi-arid areas , 1999 .

[3]  Irina N. Sokolik,et al.  Direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic airborne mineral aerosols , 1996, Nature.

[4]  B. Machenhauer,et al.  Atmospheric response to Saharan dust deduced from ECMWF reanalysis (ERA) temperature increments , 2003 .

[5]  T. Stanelle,et al.  The comprehensive model system COSMO-ART – Radiative impact of aerosol on the state of the atmosphere on the regional scale , 2009 .

[6]  L. Gomes,et al.  Dusty weather forecasts using the MesoNH mesoscale atmospheric model , 2006 .

[7]  G. Kallos,et al.  A model for prediction of desert dust cycle in the atmosphere , 2001 .

[8]  Manfred Wendisch,et al.  On the direct and semidirect effects of Saharan dust over Europe: A modeling study , 2007 .

[9]  F. Volz,et al.  Infrared refractive index of atmospheric aerosol substances. , 1972, Applied optics.

[10]  Nicolas Clerbaux,et al.  Can desert dust explain the outgoing longwave radiation anomaly over the Sahara during July 2003 , 2005 .

[11]  J. Prospero.  Long‐term measurements of the transport of African mineral dust to the southeastern United States: Implications for regional air quality , 1999 .

[12]  J. Baldasano,et al.  Interactive dust‐radiation modeling: A step to improve weather forecasts , 2006 .

[13]  Rosenfeld,et al.  Suppression of rain and snow by urban and industrial air pollution , 2000, Science.

[14]  J. Perlwitz,et al.  Feedback upon dust emission by dust radiative forcing through the planetary boundary layer , 2004 .

[15]  Albert Ansmann,et al.  Regional modeling of Saharan dust events using LM-MUSCAT: Model description and case studies , 2007 .

[16]  C. Thorncroft,et al.  African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis: An International Research Project and Field Campaign , 2006 .

[17]  Bernard Aumont,et al.  Modeling the atmospheric dust cycle: 2. Simulation of Saharan dust sources , 1997 .

[18]  B. Ritter,et al.  A comprehensive radiation scheme for numerical weather prediction models with potential applications in climate simulations , 1992 .

[19]  Didier Tanré,et al.  Modeling the radiative impact of mineral dust during the Saharan Dust Experiment (SHADE) campaign , 2003 .

[20]  R. Betts,et al.  Changes in Atmospheric Constituents and in Radiative Forcing. Chapter 2 , 2007 .

[21]  F. Volz,et al.  Infrared optical constants of ammonium sulfate, sahara dust, volcanic pumice, and flyash. , 1973, Applied optics.

[22]  L. Gomes,et al.  Improving the large‐scale modeling of the saltation flux of soil particles in presence of nonerodible elements , 1995 .

[23]  S. Woodward,et al.  Modeling the atmospheric life cycle and radiative impact of mineral dust in the Hadley Centre climate model , 2001 .

[24]  Piers M. Forster,et al.  The semi‐direct aerosol effect: Impact of absorbing aerosols on marine stratocumulus , 2004 .

[25]  Charles S. Zender,et al.  Impact of Desert Dust Radiative Forcing on Sahel Precipitation , 2005 .

[26]  John A. Gillies,et al.  Dust concentrations and particle-size characteristics of an intense dust haze event: Inland Delta Region, Mali, West Africa , 1996 .

[27]  Andrew A. Lacis,et al.  Scattering, Absorption, and Emission of Light by Small Particles , 2002 .

[28]  B. White,et al.  Soil Transport by Winds on Mars , 1979 .

[29]  Corinna Hoose,et al.  The global influence of dust mineralogical composition on heterogeneous ice nucleation in mixed-phase clouds , 2008 .

[30]  Hugh Coe,et al.  Regional variability of the composition of mineral dust from western Africa: Results from the AMMA SOP0/DABEX and DODO field campaigns , 2008 .

[31]  Jacques Pelon,et al.  The 7–13 March 2006 dust storm over West Africa: Generation, transport, and vertical stratification , 2008 .

[32]  Andreas H. Fink,et al.  Synoptic and dynamic aspects of an extreme springtime Saharan dust outbreak , 2006 .

[33]  F. Giorgi,et al.  Correlation between model‐calculated anthropogenic aerosols and satellite‐derived cloud optical depths: Indication of indirect effect? , 2002 .

[34]  J. Seinfeld,et al.  Black carbon radiative heating effects on cloud microphysics and implications for the aerosol indirect effect 2. Cloud microphysics , 2002 .

[35]  V. M. Karyampudi,et al.  Analysis and Numerical Simulations of the Saharan Air Layer and Its Effect on Easterly Wave Disturbances , 1988 .

[36]  A. Lacis,et al.  The influence on climate forcing of mineral aerosols from disturbed soils , 1996, Nature.

[37]  Gerard Brogniez,et al.  Observations of Saharan Aerosols: Results of ECLATS Field Experiment. Part II: Broadband Radiative Characteristics of the Aerosols and Vertical Radiative Flux Divergence , 1987 .

[38]  C. Tucker,et al.  Desertification, Drought, and Surface Vegetation: An Example from the West African Sahel , 1998 .

[39]  Yann Callot,et al.  emissions: application to the Sahara desert , 2022 .

[40]  E. Highwood,et al.  Climate response to tropospheric absorbing aerosols in an intermediate general‐circulation model , 2004 .

[41]  J. Steppeler,et al.  Meso-gamma scale forecasts using the nonhydrostatic model LM , 2003 .

[42]  E. Shettle,et al.  Models for the aerosols of the lower atmosphere and the effects of humidity variations on their optical properties , 1979 .

[43]  B. Albrecht.  Aerosols, Cloud Microphysics, and Fractional Cloudiness , 1989, Science.

[44]  Oleg Dubovik,et al.  Combined use of satellite and surface observations to infer the imaginary part of refractive index of Saharan dust , 2002 .

[45]  J. Coakley,et al.  Climate Forcing by Anthropogenic Aerosols , 1992, Science.

[46]  S. Schwartz.  The whitehouse effect—Shortwave radiative forcing of climate by anthropogenic aerosols: an overview , 1996 .

[47]  T. L. Wolfe,et al.  An assessment of the impact of pollution on global cloud albedo , 1984 .

[48]  J. Seinfeld.  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Air Pollution , 1986 .

[49]  Y. Kuo,et al.  The Effect of Dust Radiative Heating on Low-Level Frontogenesis , 1995 .

[50]  Mark A. Miller,et al.  The Arm Mobile Facility and Its First International Deployment: Measuring Radiative Flux Divergence in West Africa , 2007 .

[51]  O. Dubovik,et al.  Modelling soil dust aerosol in the Bodélé depression during the BoDEx campaign , 2006 .

[52]  Irina N. Sokolik,et al.  Incorporation of mineralogical composition into models of the radiative properties of mineral aerosol from UV to IR wavelengths , 1999 .

[53]  L. Gomes,et al.  Validation of a dust production model from measurements performed in semi-arid agricultural areas of Spain and Niger , 2003 .

[54]  Yaping Shao,et al.  A new model for dust emission by saltation bombardment , 1999 .

[55]  C. Zender,et al.  Mineral Dust Entrainment and Deposition (DEAD) model: Description and 1990s dust climatology , 2003 .

[56]  F. Volz,et al.  Infrared absorption by atmospheric aerosol substances , 1972 .

[57]  John E. Harries,et al.  Observations of the impact of a major Saharan dust storm on the atmospheric radiation balance , 2006 .

[58]  M. Heimann,et al.  Impact of vegetation and preferential source areas on global dust aerosol: Results from a model study , 2002 .

[59]  John H. Martin.  glacial-interglacial Co2 change : the iron hypothesis , 1990 .

[60]  L. Gomes,et al.  Modeling mineral aerosol production by wind erosion: Emission intensities and aerosol size distributions in source areas , 2001 .

[61]  Christian M. Grams,et al.  Uplift of Saharan dust south of the intertropical discontinuity , 2008 .

[62]  E. M. Patterson,et al.  Complex Index of Refraction Between 300 and 700 nm for Saharan Aerosols , 1977 .

[63]  V. Ramanathan,et al.  Reduction of tropical cloudiness by soot , 2000, Science.

[64]  Evgueni I. Kassianov,et al.  Retrieval of aerosol microphysical properties using surface MultiFilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer (MFRSR) data: Modeling and observations , 2005 .

[65]  J. Seinfeld,et al.  Radiative forcing by mineral dust aerosols : sensitivity to key variables , 1998 .

[66]  W. Steen.  Absorption and Scattering of Light by Small Particles , 1999 .

[67]  B. Weinzierl,et al.  Saharan dust absorption and refractive index from aircraft-based observations during SAMUM 2006 , 2009 .

[68]  J. Pelon,et al.  Impact of dust aerosols on the radiative budget, surface heat fluxes, heating rate profiles and convective activity over West Africa during March 2006 , 2009 .

[69]  C. Kottmeier,et al.  A model of dust transport applied to the Dead Sea area , 2006 .