Hybrid nanocomposite materials―between inorganic glasses and organic polymers

The sol-gel process, with its associated mild conditions, offers a new approach to the synthesis of composite materials with domain sizes approaching the molecular level. Transparent organic-inorganic composites can be prepared by dissolving preformed polymers into sol-gel precursor solutions, and then allowing the tetraalkyi orthosilicates to hydrolyze and condense to form glassy SiO, phases of different morphological structures. Alternatively, both the organic and inorganic phases can be simultaneously formed through the synchronous polymerization of the organic monomer and the sol-gel precursors. Depending upon such factors as the structures of the organic and inorganic components, the phase morphology, the degree of interpenetration, and the presence of covalent bonds between the phases, the properties of these composites can vary greatly and range from elastomeric rubbers to high-modulus materials.

[1]  David W. Richerson,et al.  Modern ceramic engineering: Properties, processing and use in design , 2018 .

[2]  Leslie H. Sperling,et al.  Polymer Blends and Composites , 1995 .

[3]  J S Valentine,et al.  Encapsulation of proteins in transparent porous silicate glasses prepared by the sol-gel method. , 1992, Science.

[4]  V. Mehrotra,et al.  Electrically conducting glasses: incorporation of polypyrrole in a porous SiO2 matrix , 1991 .

[5]  T. Saegusa.  Organic Polymer-Silica Gel Hybrid: A Precursor of Highly Porous Silica Gel , 1991 .

[6]  B. Novak,et al.  "Inverse" organic-inorganic composite materials. 2. Free-radical routes into nonshrinking sol-gel composites , 1991 .

[7]  B. Novak,et al.  Mutually Interpenetrating Inorganic-Organic Networks New Routes into Nonshrinking Sol-Gel Composite Materials , 1991 .

[8]  T. Saegusa,et al.  Block copolymer of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline with silica gel an organic-inorganic hybrid polymer , 1991 .

[9]  Charles K. Whitecar,et al.  Synthesis of new organic-inorganic hybrid glasses , 1990 .

[10]  Michel Prassas,et al.  Glasses from aerogels , 1990 .

[11]  G. Wilkes,et al.  Structure-property behaviour of hybrid materials incorporating tetraethoxysilane with multifunctional poly(tetramethylene oxide) , 1989 .

[12]  H. Schmidt.  Organic modification of glass structure new glasses or new polymers , 1989 .

[13]  J. Mackenzie,et al.  Transparent silica gel–PMMA composites , 1989 .

[14]  G. Scherer.  Effect of shrinkage on the modulus of silica gel , 1989 .

[15]  G. Scherer,et al.  Viscoelasticity in silica gel , 1988 .

[16]  J. E. Mark,et al.  Reinforcement from alumina-type fillers precipitated into an elastomer , 1988 .

[17]  R. Grubbs,et al.  Catalytic organometallic chemistry in water: the aqueous ring-opening metathesis polymerization of 7-oxanorbornene derivatives , 1988 .

[18]  G. Wilkes,et al.  Structure-property behavior of new hybrid materials incorporating oligomeric poly(tetramethylene oxide) with inorganic silicates by a sol-gel process , 1987 .

[19]  G. Wilkes,et al.  Structure-property behavior of new hybrid materials incorporating oligomeric species into sol-gel glasses. 3. Effect of acid content, tetraethoxysilane content, and molecular weight of poly(dimethylsiloxane) , 1987 .

[20]  J. E. Mark,et al.  Polymer-modified silica glasses , 1987 .

[21]  J. E. Mark,et al.  In-situ precipitation of reinforcing titania fillers , 1987 .

[22]  J. E. Mark,et al.  Particle sizes of reinforcing silica precipitated into elastomeric networks , 1984 .

[23]  Helmut K. Schmidt,et al.  New materials for contact lenses prepared from Si- and Ti-alkoxides by the sol-gel process , 1984 .

[24]  Helmut K. Schmidt,et al.  Principles of hydrolysis and condensation reaction of alkoxysilanes , 1984 .

[25]  J. Phalippou,et al.  Synthesis of glasses from gels: the problem of monolithic gels , 1982 .

[26]  J. E. Mark,et al.  Reinforcement of polydimethylsiloxane networks by in‐situ precipitation of silica: A new method for preparation of filled elastomers , 1982 .

[27]  Y. Abe,et al.  Preparation of polysiloxanes from silicic acid. II. Esterification of silicic acid with various alcohols and isolation of esterification products by silylation , 1982 .

[28]  L. Sperling.  Interpenetrating Polymer Networks and Related Materials , 1981 .

[29]  Charles W. Lentz,et al.  Silicate Minerals as Sources of Trimethylsilyl Silicates and Silicate Structure Analysis of Sodium Silicate Solutions , 1964 .

[30]  R. Iler,et al.  Polysilicic Acid Esters...Preparation from Sodium Silicate , 1947 .

[31]  Bruce Dunn,et al.  Bacteriorhodopsin encapsulated in transparent sol-gel glass: a new biomaterial , 1993 .

[32]  G. Scherer.  Recent progress in drying of gels , 1992 .

[33]  G. Scherer.  Mechanics of Gels , 1992 .

[34]  B. Novak,et al.  High Glass Content Non-Shrinking Sol-Gel Composites via Silicic Acid Esters , 1992 .

[35]  T. Bein,et al.  Three-dimensionally confined diluted magnetic semiconductor clusters : Zn1-xMnxS , 1991 .

[36]  J. Beery,et al.  Conducting polymer-colloidal silica composites , 1991 .

[37]  Y. Abe,et al.  Preparation of SiO2TiO2 fibers from polytitanosiloxanes , 1989 .

[38]  G. Wilkes,et al.  Structure property behavior of polydimethylsiloxane and poly(tetramethylene oxide) modified TEOS based sol-gel materials , 1988 .

[39]  H. Schmidt,et al.  Chemistry And Applications Of Inorganic-Organic Polymers (Organically Modified Silicates) , 1986 .

[40]  D. W. Schaefer,et al.  Structure of Soluble Silicates , 1984 .

[41]  H. Schmidt.  Organically modified silicates by the sol-gel process , 1984 .

[42]  Y. Abe,et al.  Preparation of polysiloxanes from silicic acid. III. Preparation and properties of polysilicic acid butyl esters , 1983 .

[43]  J. Speier.  Homogeneous Catalysis of Hydrosilation by Transition Metals , 1979 .

[44]  R. Messing.  Immobilized enzymes for industrial reactors , 1975 .